Chp8 Cell Reproduction Flashcards
4 stages of Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, TeloPhase (PMAT)
Pro means first. Meta means together. One of the definitions for ana is “divided into equal quantities.” Telo means last.
Stages of Meiosis
Runs through phases twice. PMAT 1, PMAT 2
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes in 23 homologous pairs
Cytokinesis
After mitosis when the cytoplasm splits to form two separate daughter cells.
prometaphase
Attachment of spindle fibers to kinetochores is one of the events of prometaphase.
Gametes
Egg (ovum) or sperm cells
Somatic cells
All cells in the body except the gametes
What is the chromosome composition of a normal human male?
44 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called
autosomes
metaphase I
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis
produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
Which of the following is not a function of mitosis in humans?
production of gametes from diploid cells
A biochemist measures the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory. The quantity of DNA in a cell would be found to double
between the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle.
A chemical that disrupts microfilament formation would interfere with
cleavage
Which of these events occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate.
During telophase ______.
the events of prophase are reversed
Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT
production of sperm and eggs.
What chromosomes belong to a normal human male?
44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?
44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ______.
mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
- What is the difference between chromatin & chromosomes?
Chromatin consists of unraveled condensed DNA.
Chromosome consists of the highest condensed structure of DNA.
- Sister chromatids are held together by ____________
cohesin
- Number of chromosomes in Somatic cells & gamete cells of males and females.
Somatic cells - 46
gametes cells have 23 chromosomes.
Cytokinesis Difference in plant & animal cells
Plants form new cell plate between daughter cells for the future cell wall.
Animal cell membrane separates the parent cell into the daughter cell.
- What happens in prophase,
- chromosomes condense and become visible
- spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes
- nuclear envelope breaks down
- nucleolus disappears
- What are homologous chromosomes?
chromosome pairs in which one was inherited from the egg and one from the sperm.
- What is a karyotype?
Process of pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an ogranisms. THe photo of all the chromosomes.
- How is Prophase 1 different from prophase of mitosis?
The sister chromosomes stay together through meiosis, but the homologous chromosomes are separated.
- How many chromosomes are present in a human cell after it goes through interphase? _________.
46 chromosomes
- What are the three mechanisms that contribute to genetic variations?
Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, but mechanisms such as sexual reproduction and genetic drift contribute to it as well.”
. The basic structure of a chromosome including how it is packaged into a chromosomes (DNA -> Chromatin-> chromosomes)
DNA is packaged into chromosomes, coiled around proteins called histones that support it’s structure.
List the phases of cell cycle
Interphase G1, S, G2 where cell makes copy of its DNA for mitosis.
During mitosis, the cell divides into two daughter cells.
List the sub phases of Interphase. Also give a short description for each phase.
G1-cell growth
S phase- DNA synthesis
G2- Cell growth
What is Mitosis?
method of cell division in which cell divides and produces identical copies of itself
What is Down’s syndrome?
a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome
- How does benign and malignant tumors differ from each other?
Benign- form only in one spot
Malignant tumors - cancerous and can spread to nearby tissue.
