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Biology > Chp8 Cell Reproduction > Flashcards

Chp8 Cell Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 stages of Mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, TeloPhase (PMAT)

Pro means first. Meta means together. One of the definitions for ana is “divided into equal quantities.” Telo means last.

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2
Q

Stages of Meiosis

A

Runs through phases twice. PMAT 1, PMAT 2

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3
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes in 23 homologous pairs

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4
Q

Cytokinesis

A

After mitosis when the cytoplasm splits to form two separate daughter cells.

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5
Q

prometaphase

A

Attachment of spindle fibers to kinetochores is one of the events of prometaphase.

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6
Q

Gametes

A

Egg (ovum) or sperm cells

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7
Q

Somatic cells

A

All cells in the body except the gametes

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8
Q

What is the chromosome composition of a normal human male?

A

44 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome

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9
Q

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called

A

autosomes

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10
Q

metaphase I

A

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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11
Q

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis

A

produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a function of mitosis in humans?

A

production of gametes from diploid cells

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13
Q

A biochemist measures the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory. The quantity of DNA in a cell would be found to double

A

between the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle.

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14
Q

A chemical that disrupts microfilament formation would interfere with

A

cleavage

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15
Q

Which of these events occurs during anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separate.

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16
Q

During telophase ______.

A

the events of prophase are reversed

17
Q

Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT

A

production of sperm and eggs.

18
Q

What chromosomes belong to a normal human male?

A

44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome

19
Q

What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?

A

44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

20
Q

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ______.

A

mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

21
Q
  1. What is the difference between chromatin & chromosomes?
A

Chromatin consists of unraveled condensed DNA.

Chromosome consists of the highest condensed structure of DNA.

22
Q
  1. Sister chromatids are held together by ____________
A

cohesin

23
Q
  1. Number of chromosomes in Somatic cells & gamete cells of males and females.
A

Somatic cells - 46

gametes cells have 23 chromosomes.

24
Q

Cytokinesis Difference in plant & animal cells

A

Plants form new cell plate between daughter cells for the future cell wall.
Animal cell membrane separates the parent cell into the daughter cell.

25
Q
  1. What happens in prophase,
A
  • chromosomes condense and become visible
  • spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
  • nucleolus disappears
26
Q
  1. What are homologous chromosomes?
A

chromosome pairs in which one was inherited from the egg and one from the sperm.

27
Q
  1. What is a karyotype?
A

Process of pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an ogranisms. THe photo of all the chromosomes.

28
Q
  1. How is Prophase 1 different from prophase of mitosis?
A

The sister chromosomes stay together through meiosis, but the homologous chromosomes are separated.

29
Q
  1. How many chromosomes are present in a human cell after it goes through interphase? _________.
A

46 chromosomes

30
Q
  1. What are the three mechanisms that contribute to genetic variations?
A

Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, but mechanisms such as sexual reproduction and genetic drift contribute to it as well.”

31
Q

. The basic structure of a chromosome including how it is packaged into a chromosomes (DNA -> Chromatin-> chromosomes)

A

DNA is packaged into chromosomes, coiled around proteins called histones that support it’s structure.

32
Q

List the phases of cell cycle

A

Interphase G1, S, G2 where cell makes copy of its DNA for mitosis.

During mitosis, the cell divides into two daughter cells.

33
Q

List the sub phases of Interphase. Also give a short description for each phase.

A

G1-cell growth
S phase- DNA synthesis
G2- Cell growth

34
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

method of cell division in which cell divides and produces identical copies of itself

35
Q

What is Down’s syndrome?

A

a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome

36
Q
  1. How does benign and malignant tumors differ from each other?
A

Benign- form only in one spot

Malignant tumors - cancerous and can spread to nearby tissue.

Biology (13 decks)

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