Chp13 how species evolve Flashcards
Evolution
change of characteristics of a species over several generations.
Natural Selection
Individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
Descent with modification
existing species descended from ancestral species
Artificial selection
Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to promote desirable traits in the offspring.
Homology
Similar structure but different function
Fossils
Imprints or remains of organisms that lived in the past.
- What are the two main ideas on which Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on?
Descent with modification
Natural selection
What are the two observations made by Darwin?
Individuals in a population vary from each other
-Overproduction of offsprings
- What causes genetic variations?
Caused by mutation, random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
- What is the Hardy-Weinberg formula used for?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
used to calculate the frequencies of genotypes in a gene pool from the frequencies of alleles.
Scientists sued this to find percentage of a human population that carries the allele for certain inherited diseases.
Which of the following is a true statement about Charles Darwin?
He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
The Processes of Mutation and sexual reproduction generate
generate variation, and Natural selection produces adaptation to the environment.
Which of the following statements is (are) true about a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (More than one may be true.)
The population is not evolving.
In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does 2pq represent?
frequency of heterozygotes
What does evolutionary fitness measure?
relative reproductive success
