Chp11 Flashcards
- What is an operon?
A cluster of related genes and sequences that control activity of enzymes
What is the function of the promoter, operator, and regulatory gene?
Promoter- Site where enzyme RNA attaches and initiates transcription
Operator- Off/ if protein is bound. On if no protein is bound
Regulatory Gene- gene involved with controlling expressions of one or more other genes
Lac operon is turned off and on when?
turned on when lactose is present and turned off when lactose is absent
Oncogenes,
a gene that causes cancer
proto oncogenes
a normal gene with a potential to become an oncogene
tumor suppressor genes
normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, and tell cells when to die. when they dont work cells can grow out of control and cause cancer.
Your bone cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different because
different genes are active in each kind of cell.
The regulation of gene expression must be more complex in multicellular eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because
in a multicellular eukaryote, different cells are specialized for different functions.
A eukaryotic gene was inserted into the DNA of a bacterium. The bacterium then transcribed this gene into mRNA and translated the mRNA into protein. The protein produced was useless and contained many more amino acids than the protein made by the eukaryotic cell. Why?
the mRNA was not spliced as it is in eukaryotes.
Which of the following is a valid difference between embryonic stem cells and the stem cells found in adult tissues?
In nature, only embryonic stem cells give rise to all the different types of cells in the organism.
What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?
DNA packing and unpacking
In eukaryotic cells, repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ______.
silencers
Many proto-oncogenes regulate ______.
Cell Division
Repressors act by blocking the binding of _____ to the operator.
RNA polymerase
