Chp16-P581-End

Question 1

Behaviour therapy and Behaviour modification?

Answer 1

The systematic use of principles of learning to increase the frequency of desired behaviours adn/or decrease the frequency of problem behaviours.

Question 2

Counter-conditioning?

Answer 2

A technique used in therapy to substitute a new response for a maladaptive one by means of conditioning procedures.

Question 3

Exposure therapy?

Answer 3

A behavioural technique in which clients are exposed to the objects or situations that cause them anxiety.

Question 4

Systematic desensitisation?

Answer 4

A behavioural therapy technique in which a client is taught to prevent the arousal of anxiety by confronting the feared stimulus while relaxed.

Question 5

Aversion therapy?

Answer 5

A type of behavioural therapy used to treat individuals attracted to harmful stimuli; an attractive stimulus is paired with a noxious stimulus in order to elicit a negative reaction to the target stimulus.

Question 6

Contingency management?

Answer 6

A general treatment strategy involving changing behaviour by modifying its consequences.

Question 7

Social learning therapy?

Answer 7

A form of treatment in which clients observe models’ desirable behaviours being reinforced.

Question 8

Participant modelling?

Answer 8

A therapeutic technique in which a therapist demonstrates the desired behaviour and a client is aided, through supportive encouragement, to imitate the modelled behaviour.

Question 9

Behavioural rehearsal?

Answer 9

Procedures used to establish and stengthen basic skills; as used in social-skills training programs, requires the client to rehearse a desirable behaviour sequence mentally.

Question 10

Rational-emotive therapy (RET)?

Answer 10

A comprehensive system of personality change based on changing irrational beliefs that cause undesirable, highly charged emotional reactions such as severe anxiety.

Question 11

Cognitive behavioural therapy?

Answer 11

A therapeutic approach that combines the cognitive emphasis on thoughts and attitudes with the behavioural emphasis on changing performance.

Question 12

Human-potential movement?

Answer 12

The therapy movement that encompasses all those practises and methods that release the potential of the average human being for greater levels of performance and greater richness of experience.

Question 13

Client-centred therapy?

Answer 13

A humanistic approach to treatment that emphasises the healthy psychological growth of the individual based on the assumption that all people share the basic tendency of human nature toward self-actualisation.

Self-actualisation (define) fulfilling one’s full potential

Question 14

Gestalt Therapy?

Answer 14

Therapy that focuses on ways to unite mind and body to make a person whole.

Question 15

Psychopharmacology?

Answer 15

The branch of psychology that investigates the effects of drugs on behaviour.

Question 16

Psychosurgery?

Answer 16

A surgical procedure performed on brain tissue to alleviate a psychological disorder.

Question 17

Prefrontal lobotomy?

Answer 17

An operation that severs the nerve fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain with the diencephalon, especially those fibres in the thalamic and hypothalamic areas; best known form of psychosurgery.

Question 18

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?

Answer 18

The use of electroconvulsive shock as an effective treatment for severe depression.

Question 19

Spontaneous-remission effect?

Answer 19

The improvement of some mental patients and clients in psychotherapy without any professional intervention; a baseline criterion against which the effectiveness of therapies must be assessed.

Question 20

Placebo Therapy?

Answer 20

A therapy interdependent of any specific clinical procedures that results in client improvement.

Question 21

Meta-analysis?

Answer 21

A statistical technique for evaluating hypotheses by providing a formal mechanism for detecting the general conclusions found in data from many different experiments.