Chp11-P380-End

Question 1

Parenting style?

Answer 1

The manner in which parents rear their children

Question 2

Parenting practises?

Answer 2

Specific parenting behaviours that aris in response to particular parental goals.

Question 3

Contact comfort?

Answer 3

Comfort derived from an infant’s physical contact wiht the mother or caregiver.

Question 4

Intimacy”

Answer 4

the capacity to make a full commitment - sexual, emotional and moral - to another person

Question 5

Selective social interaction theory?

Answer 5

the view that suggest that as people age they become more selective in choosing social partners who satisfy their emotional needs

Question 6

Generativity?

Answer 6

A commitment beyond one’s self and one’s partner to family, work, society and future generations.

Question 7

Sex difference?

Answer 7

A biologically based characteristic that distinguishes males from females.

Question 8

Gender?

Answer 8

A psychological phenomenon that refers to learned sex related behaviours and attitudes of males and females.

Question 9

Gender identity

Answer 9

Ones sense of maleness or femaleness; usually includes awareness and acceptance of one’s biological sex.

Question 10

Gender stereotype?

Answer 10

Belief about attitudes and behaviours regarded as appropriate for males and females in a particular culture.

Question 11

Morality?

Answer 11

A system of beliefs and values that ensures that individuals will keep their obligations to others in society and will behave in ways that do not interfere with the rights and interests of others.

Question 12

Selective optimisation with compensation?

Answer 12

A strategy for successful ageing in which one makes the most gains while minimising the impact of losses that accompany normal ageing.

Question 13

Internalisation?

Answer 13

According to Vygogtsky, the process through which children absorb knowledge from the social context that has a major impact on how cognition unfolds over time.

Question 14

Foundational theory?

Answer 14

A framework for initial unerstanding formulated by children to explain their experiences of the world.

Question 15

Phoneme?

Answer 15

The minimal unit of speech in any given language that makes a meaningful difference in speech and production and reception.

Question 16

Child directed speech

Answer 16

A form of speech with an exaggerated and high pitched intonation that adults use to speak to infants and young children.

Question 17

Language making capacity?

Answer 17

The innate guidelines or operating principles that children bring to the task of learning a language.

Question 18

Over regularisation?

Answer 18

A grammatical error, usually appearing during early language development, in which rules of the langauge are applied too widely , resulting in incorrect linguistic forms.

Question 19

Social development?

Answer 19

The ways in which individuals’ social interactions and expectations change across the life span.

Question 20

Psychosocial changes?

Answer 20

Proposed by Erik Erikson, successive developmental stages that focus on an individual’s orientation toward the self and others.

Question 21

Socialisation?

Answer 21

The lifelong process whereby an individual’s behavioural patterns, values, standards, skills, attitudes and motives are shaped to conform to those regarded as desirable in a particular society.

Question 22

Temperament?

Answer 22

A child’s biologically based level of emotional and behavioural resonse to environmental events.

Question 23

Attachment?

Answer 23

Emotional relationship between a child and the regular caregiver.

Question 24

Imprinting?

Answer 24

A primitive form of learning in which some infant animals physically follow and form an attachment to the first moving object they see and/or hear.