chp. 8 vocab

Question 1

activation energy

Answer 1

the energy needed for reactant molecules to contort so bonds can break

Question 1

anabolic pathway

Answer 1

use energy to build complicated molecules from monomers

Question 2

chemical energy

Answer 2

potential energy available for release in chemical reactions (complex molecules about to break down high in chem energy)

Question 3

cooperativity

Answer 3

mechanism which amplifies response of enzymes to substrates (one substrate gets enzyme ready to accept another substrate)

Question 4

entropy

Answer 4

measure of randomness, loss of usable energy during transformation/transfer

Question 5

feedback inhibition

Answer 5

a metabolic pathway switched off (when ATP allosterically inhibits an enzyme in ATP pathway) due to the end product inhibiting enzyme that acts earlier in pathway

Question 6

kinetic energy

Answer 6

relative motion of objects

Question 7

phosphorylated

Answer 7

transfer of phosphate group from ATP to another molecule( the molecule gaining the phosphate is called phosphorylated)

Question 8

substrate

Answer 8

reactant an enzyme acts on

Question 9

active site

Answer 9

region that enzyme bonds to its specific molecule (sucrase->sucrose)

Question 10

bioenergetics

Answer 10

study of how energy flows through living organisms

Question 11

coenzyme

Answer 11

organic molecules bound to an enzyme to help in catalytic reactions

Question 12

endergonic reaction

Answer 12

absorbs free energy from surroundings, stores free energy in molecules(nonspontanous)(uses energy)

Question 13

enzyme

Answer 13

protein that acts as a catalyst (chemical agent that speeds up reactions without being consumed by it)

Question 14

free energy

Answer 14

portion of a system’s energy that can be used to perform work (available energy)

Question 15

metabolic pathway

Answer 15

starts with specific molecule, then altered in steps resulting in a product

Question 16

potential energy

Answer 16

an object not presently moving may still possess energy bc of location and structure of molecules/atoms

Question 17

thermodynamics

Answer 17

study of energy transformation(system and surroundings)

Question 18

ATP

Answer 18

made of ribose, adenine, and chain of 3 phosphates, powers metabolism in body

Question 19

catabolic pathway

Answer 19

degredative process, break down molecules to monomers; energy not required

Question 20

cofactor

Answer 20

nonprotein helpers in catalytic activities

Question 21

energy

Answer 21

capacity to cause change, needed to survive, w/o energy living things die

Question 22

enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 22

when enzyme bonds to its substrate; joined enzyme converts substrate to product

Question 23

heat

Answer 23

(thermal energy) kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms/molecules

Question 24

metabolism

Answer 24

sum of the chemical reactions that take place in the body

Question 25

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 25

energy can be transferred or transformed(converted) but never created or destroyed

Question 26

allosteric regulation

Answer 26

protein function at 1 site affected by binding of regulatory molecule at another site (causes inhibition or stimulation of enzyme activity)

Question 27

catalyst

Answer 27

a chemical agent that helps speed up processes without getting absorbed by the reaction

Question 28

competitive inhibitor

Answer 28

mimic normal substrate molecules, slows productivity of enzyme bc blocks entry of substrate to active site

Question 29

energy coupling

Answer 29

occurs when the energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system

Question 30

exergonic reaction

Answer 30

happens with net release of free energy bc a chemical reaction loses free energy (spontaneous)(release of energy)

Question 31

induced fit

Answer 31

interactions between enzyme’s R groups that allow enzymes to fit perfectly in active site

Question 32

noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 32

binds to other part of enzyme, causes molecule to change shape which makes active site less efficient at catalyzing

Question 33

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 33

energy transfer increases the entropy (randomness/disorder) of a system/universe