chp. 2 vocab

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

trace elements

Answer 2

elements required by an organism in only small quantities

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

smallest unit of matter that sill retains the properties of an element

Question 4

isotope

Answer 4

when some atoms in an element have more neutrons which means more mass

Question 4

energy

Answer 4

capacity to cause change

Question 5

valence electron

Answer 5

the electrons that decide how atoms act in a chemical reaction

Question 6

valance shell

Answer 6

the shell that valence electrons are in

Question 7

orbital

Answer 7

the 3 dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time

Question 8

covalent bonds

Answer 8

one of the strongest chemical bonds, a sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms

Question 9

molecule

Answer 9

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 10

structural formula

Answer 10

a notation that shows atoms and bonding (H:H, H-H)

Question 11

molecular formula

Answer 11

abbreviated form of the structural formula (H2)

Question 11

ion

Answer 11

a charged atom or molecule

Question 12

electronegativity

Answer 12

a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself

Question 13

non polar covalent bond

Answer 13

2 atoms of same element in covalent bond are both equally electronegative (electrons shared equally)

Question 13

polar covalent bond

Answer 13

in compounds where 1 atom is more electronegative than the other (electrons aren’t shared equally)

Question 13

cation

Answer 13

when an ion is positively charged (the atom stripped of an electron, becomes more positively charged)

Question 14

anion

Answer 14

negatively charged ion (the atom gaining the stripped electron, becomes more negatively charged)

Question 15

ionic bond

Answer 15

attraction between cation and anion because they are oppositely attracted to each other

Question 16

hydrogen bond

Answer 16

a very important, weak chemical bond; formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to 1 electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

Question 17

van der waals interactions

Answer 17

ever-changing regions of a positive and negative charged that lets all atoms and molecules stick to one another

Question 17

chemical reactions

Answer 17

the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to change in the composition of matter

Question 18

reactants

Answer 18

the starting materials in a chemical reaction

Question 19

products

Answer 19

the ending materials in a chemical reaction