chp. 10 vocab Flashcards
C4 plant
Gives Calvin cycle alternative mode of carbon fixation that forms 4-carbon compound as 1st product (has 2 types of photosynthetic cells)
absorption spectrum
a graph that shows the absorbance of different wavelengths of light by a particular pigment
carotenoid
hydrocarbons that are shades of yellow/orange because they absorb violet/blue-green light. Help protect chlorophyll by absorbing energy that could damage the cell. Accessory pigment
photoautotroph
self-feeders, sustain themselves by making own food. Produce organic molecules from CO2 and other raw inorganic materials from the use of sunlight specifically (producers)
heterotroph
can’t make own food, so eat living things to get energy: consumers
photosynthesis
conversion process where the plants on earth capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules
spectrophotometer
machine that can measure a pigments ability to absorb wavelength of light
visible light
380-750nm in wavelength is what humans can see of color
ATP
3 phosphate molecule that powers metabolic reactions in the molecules
Calvin cycle
puts CO2 from air into organic molecules already in chloroplasts then reduces fixed carbon to carbohydrate by addition of electron (endergonic reaction)
chlorophyll
where color of leaves comes from, the green pigment in chloroplasts
light reactions
converts solar energy to chemical energy (H2O split to release O2 and source of electrons for electron transport chain
photons
discrete particles that each have a fixed quantity of energy. The shorter the wavelength the more energy is in each photon
photosystem
chlorophyll molecule organized with other small organic molecules together in the thylakoid membrane
stomata
pores where CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf
wavelength
distance between crests of electromagnetic waves
autotroph
self-feeders, sustain themselves by making own food. Produce organic molecules from CO2 and other raw inorganic materials from environment (producers)
CAM plant
plants that have evolved to open their stomatas as night and absorb their CO2 then and keeps their stomata closed during the day. During the day they do their light reactions and making of NADPH and ATP
cycling electron flow
alternative path excited electrons can take which uses photosystem 1 but not photosystem 2. No NADPH or O2 made, but ATP made
linear electron flow
flow of electron through photosystem in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
photophosphorylation
how light reactions make ATP by using chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP
producer
makes own food from inorganic molecules in the ecosystem
stroma
Dense fluid in chloroplasts, enclosed by 2 membranes
C3 plant
initial fixation by rubisco, the Calvin cycle enzyme that adds CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate. The way that most plants photosynthesize, not that efficient in unideal weather
carbon fixation
initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds in the Calvin cycle
glyceraldehye-3-phosphate (G3P)
3-carbon sugar that is the product of the Calvin cycle makes. A building block of glucose
mesophyll
a cell where chloroplasts are found, the tissue in the interior of the leaf
photorespiration
occurs in light and consumes O2 while making CO2. Makes no ATP, uses it, and makes no sugar. Releases CO2 that should’ve been fixed, uses O2 instead of CO2
rubisco
enzyme that starts first step in the calvin cycle where the carbon in CO2 is bound to make PGA (organic molecules)
thylakoid
system of interconnected membrane sacs that separates stroma from the interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space)
