chp. 10 vocab

Question 1

C4 plant

Answer 1

Gives Calvin cycle alternative mode of carbon fixation that forms 4-carbon compound as 1st product (has 2 types of photosynthetic cells)

Question 1

absorption spectrum

Answer 1

a graph that shows the absorbance of different wavelengths of light by a particular pigment

Question 2

carotenoid

Answer 2

hydrocarbons that are shades of yellow/orange because they absorb violet/blue-green light. Help protect chlorophyll by absorbing energy that could damage the cell. Accessory pigment

Question 3

photoautotroph

Answer 3

self-feeders, sustain themselves by making own food. Produce organic molecules from CO2 and other raw inorganic materials from the use of sunlight specifically (producers)

Question 4

heterotroph

Answer 4

can’t make own food, so eat living things to get energy: consumers

Question 5

photosynthesis

Answer 5

conversion process where the plants on earth capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules

Question 6

spectrophotometer

Answer 6

machine that can measure a pigments ability to absorb wavelength of light

Question 7

visible light

Answer 7

380-750nm in wavelength is what humans can see of color

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

3 phosphate molecule that powers metabolic reactions in the molecules

Question 9

Calvin cycle

Answer 9

puts CO2 from air into organic molecules already in chloroplasts then reduces fixed carbon to carbohydrate by addition of electron (endergonic reaction)

Question 10

chlorophyll

Answer 10

where color of leaves comes from, the green pigment in chloroplasts

Question 11

light reactions

Answer 11

converts solar energy to chemical energy (H2O split to release O2 and source of electrons for electron transport chain

Question 12

photons

Answer 12

discrete particles that each have a fixed quantity of energy. The shorter the wavelength the more energy is in each photon

Question 13

photosystem

Answer 13

chlorophyll molecule organized with other small organic molecules together in the thylakoid membrane

Question 14

stomata

Answer 14

pores where CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf

Question 15

wavelength

Answer 15

distance between crests of electromagnetic waves

Question 16

autotroph

Answer 16

self-feeders, sustain themselves by making own food. Produce organic molecules from CO2 and other raw inorganic materials from environment (producers)

Question 17

CAM plant

Answer 17

plants that have evolved to open their stomatas as night and absorb their CO2 then and keeps their stomata closed during the day. During the day they do their light reactions and making of NADPH and ATP

Question 18

cycling electron flow

Answer 18

alternative path excited electrons can take which uses photosystem 1 but not photosystem 2. No NADPH or O2 made, but ATP made

Question 19

linear electron flow

Answer 19

flow of electron though photosystem in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts

Question 20

photophosphorylation

Answer 20

how light reactions make ATP by using chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP

Question 21

producer

Answer 21

makes own food from inorganic molecules in the ecosystem

Question 22

stroma

Answer 22

Dense fluid in chloroplasts, enclosed by 2 membranes

Question 23

C3 plant

Answer 23

initial fixation by rubisco, the Calvin cycle enzyme that adds CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate. The way that most plants photosynthesize, not that efficient in unideal weather

Question 24

carbon fixation

Answer 24

initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds in the Calvin cycle

Question 25

glyceraldehye-3-phosphate (G3P)

Answer 25

3-carbon sugar that is the product of the Calvin cycle makes. A building block of glucose

Question 26

mesophyll

Answer 26

a cell where chloroplasts are found, the tissue in the interior of the leaf

Question 27

photorespiration

Answer 27

occurs in light and consumes O2 while making CO2. Makes no ATP, uses it, and makes no sugar. Releases CO2 that should’ve been fixed, uses O2 instead of CO2

Question 28

rubisco

Answer 28

enzyme that starts first step in the calvin cycle where the carbon in CO2 is bound to make PGA (organic molecules)

Question 29

thylakoid

Answer 29

system of interconnected membrane sacs that separates stroma from the interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space)