chp. 5 vocab Flashcards
alpha helix
delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every 4th amino acid, in the secondary structure
catalyst
chemical agents that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction
cholesterol
common component of animal cell membranes, also what other steroids are made of
disaccharide
consists of 2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages
glycosidic linkage
a covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
monomer
smaller molecules that are the repeating units that are building blocks of a polymer
peptide bond
when a carboxyl group of one amino acid is by another amino acid’s amino group they can join together through a dehydration reaction to bond together
primary structure
unique sequence of amino acids in a protein
quaternary structure
the overall protein structure that results from 2 or more polypeptides chains grouping into a functional macromolecule
starch
what plants store for sugar, polymer of glucose monomers. Has an alpha 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic linkages that make them very strong
amino acid
organic molecules with carboxyl group (COOH) and amino group (NH2). Has an R group that differs with each 20 different amino acid
cellulose
a polysaccharide that is a big part of the plant’s strong cell’s wall. Has a beta l-4 glycosidic linkage that gives it a long fibers that give the plant wall strength
collagen
a fibrous protein(shaped like long fibers) that has helix shaped subunits intertwined into a larger triple helix giving the long fibers great strength
disulfide bridge
covalent bonds that reinforce the shape of proteins in the tertiary structure
hydrolysis
process that reverses the dehydration process, breaks bond between monomers with addition of water molecules
monosaccharaide
have some multiple unit of CH2O, glucose most common, major nutrient for cells