chp. 54 vocab

Question 1

Aposematic coloration

Answer 1

animals with effective chemical defense have a bright warning color to their looks

Question 2

commensalism

Answer 2

one species benefits from the other and the other is neither harmed nor helped, +/0

Question 3

disturbance

Answer 3

an event (storm, fire, flood, etc.) that changes a community by removing organisms from it or altering resource availability

Question 4

energetic hypothesis

Answer 4

length of food chain is limited because of the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain(< 10 % transferred)

Question 5

food web

Answer 5

show full relationship of organisms eating one another

Question 6

keystone species

Answer 6

not necessarily abundant in a community, but exert strong control on community structure due to their niches

Question 7

predation

Answer 7

+/- interactions between species

Question 8

species diversity

Answer 8

variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community

Question 9

batesian mimicry

Answer 9

a palatable, harmless species mimics an unpalatable, harmful species

Question 10

community

Answer 10

a group of different species living close enough to interact

Question 11

dominant species

Answer 11

species in a community that are most abundant or collectively has highest biomass

Question 12

evapotranspiration

Answer 12

the evaporation of water from soil plus the transpiration of water from plants

Question 13

herbivory

Answer 13

+/- interaction in which organism eats part of a plant or alga

Question 14

mullerian mimicry

Answer 14

2+ unpalatable species look like each other, helps both species because predators adapt quicker to stay away

Question 15

primary succession

Answer 15

begins in basically lifeless area without soil, then pioneer species start growing (lichens, moss)

Question 16

species richness

Answer 16

number of different species in the community

Question 17

biogeography

Answer 17

the study of the distribution of plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi around the world and throughout history

Question 18

competitive exclusion

Answer 18

2 competitive species can’t live in the same habitat, one will have some advantage over the other and drive the other to extinction

Question 19

ecological niche

Answer 19

sum of a species use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment

Question 20

food chain

Answer 20

transfer of food energy up the trophic levels from its source in producers all the way through to decomposers

Question 21

interspecific competition

Answer 21

2 species are fighting for the same resources

Question 22

parasitism

Answer 22

+/-, parasite harms host while using them to better themselves

Question 23

resource partitioning

Answer 23

different action of niches that enables similar species to coesxist

Question 23

symbiosis

Answer 23

2+ species live in direct contact with each other, both are helped in their interaction

Question 24

biomass

Answer 24

total mass of all individuals in a population

Question 25

cryptic coloration

Answer 25

camouflage

Question 26

ecological succession

Answer 26

a disturbed area may be colonized by a variety of species, then they’re replaced by another species and so on(over long period of time)

Question 27

vector

Answer 27

pathogens that are transferred from different people to different people through direct contact or intermediate contact

Question 28

invasive species

Answer 28

non-native organism that begins to spread exponentially and has potential to cause harm to the environment/ economy/human health

Question 29

pathogen

Answer 29

disease causing microorganisms(viruses, viroids, prions, etc.)

Question 30

secondary succession

Answer 30

existing community is cleared because of a disturbance but soil still intact

Question 31

trophic structure

Answer 31

structure and dynamics of a community depend to a large extent on the feeding relationship between organisms