Chlater 4.2 Biodiversity

Question 1

Species richness ?

1

Answer 1

• number of different species in a community

Question 2

Species evenness ? (1)

Answer 2

• comparison of abundance of different species in habitat

Question 3

What are the 3 Kinds of biodiversity ?

3

Answer 3

• habitat biodiversity
• species biodiversity
• genetic biodiversity

Question 4

What’s an example of random sampling ?

2

Answer 4

• names of 25 workers chosen out of hat of 250 workers ( random )
• randomly generated coordinates & sampling sites randomly selected.

Question 5

What’s opportunistic sampling? 
Advantage 
Disadvantage 
Example 
(4)

Answer 5

• researcher makes decision based on prior knowledge
• advantage : easier and quicker than random sampling
• disadvantage:biased ( attracted to interesting areas =large or colourful species )
• “tigers seen in north of the forest so we will sample there ,”

Question 6

What’s stratified sampling?
Advantage ?
Example ?
(3)

Answer 6

• divide habitats into areas which look different and sample each area separately
• ensures all areas of habitat are sampled
• “divide swimmers into age groups and sample each age group ,”

Question 7

What’s systematic sampling ? 
Advantage 
Disadvantage 
Example 
(4)

Answer 7

• samples taken at fixed intervals across habitat
• useful when habitats shows gradient of environmental factor( drier further away )
• only species on line or within belt recorded = species missed ? UNDERESTIMATE
• example : belt transect

Question 8

Why is sampling important?

3

Answer 8

• provides estimates
• whole pop = too time consuming
• samples = representative

Question 9

What does a high Simpson’s diversity index mean ?

4

Answer 9

• high species evenness / richness
• high biodiversity
• stable habitat
• many species present

Question 10

Why is important to conserve “ certain animal ,” ?

7

Answer 10

• heritage
• maintains biodiversity
• interdependence and food chain
• ecotourism
• moral reasons
• religious reasons
• aesthetic reasons

Question 11

Why is ex situ a good idea ?

6

Answer 11

• protected from posher and poaching
• health can be maintained
• population divided and so can survive disasters
• selective breeding (IVF)
• research and conservation
• awareness, money , education

Question 12

How to improve sampling ?

4

Answer 12

• collect in different weather & wider area
• collect at different times of the day
• method to avoid recounting
• capture -recapture

Question 13

What’s should a company consider when building ? EQS ?

6

Answer 13

• biodiversity / rare and endangered species
• rarity of habitats
• effect of reduction in size
• minimal impact
• pollution effects
• relocation of population

Question 14

How do you sample an area ?

6

Answer 14

• unbiased method
• sample many times & find mean
• standard sweeping procedure
• ensure specimens don’t escape
• prevent recounting
• sample at different times of year , day , month

Question 15

What’s the natural selection procedure ?

4

Answer 15

• characteristic or mutation occurs
• environment applies selective pressures
• they have a selective advantages
• desirable characteristics passed on to next generations

Question 16

What’s it CITES ?
Aims ?
(1)
(3)

Answer 16

-CITES =convention of international trade in endangered species
-aims :
•regulate and monitor trade
•ensure international trade doesn’t effect survival populations in the wild
•less endangered species = allowed to trade

Question 17

What’s the Rio convention aims ?

3

Answer 17

• conservation of biodiversity
• sustainable use of components
• share knowledge and technology

Question 18

Why are seed banks good ?
One negative ?
(5)

Answer 18

• easy to store / numerous seeds
• less likely to be destroyed with diseases and pests
• less harm to environment
• negative : eventually seeds mutate and change
• plants take up too much rooms

Question 19

What’s does critically endangered mean ?

2

Answer 19

• likely to become extinct
• numbers not sustainable
• numbers drop bellows 10% of original pop - more than 90% decrease
• numbers too low for survival of species

Question 20

What are the implications of reduction in biodiversity in crops and farming , example ?
(3)

Answer 20

• monoculture = no genetic variation
• agriculture demands change
• more likely to be wipe out by disease

Question 21

Why do we need variation ?

3

Answer 21

• population more likely to survive if there is variation
• drive evolution.
• interdependence within species and habitats

Question 22

What’s does species evenness show ?

3

Answer 22

• measure abundance and is more Quantitative than species richness
• high species evenness = high biodiversity
• used to calculate Simpson’s diversity index

Question 23

How does selective breeding work ?

- (6)

Answer 23

1-cross breed two individuals with desirable characteristics
2-test offspring for disease
3-selects best offspring
4-interbreed & continue for generations
5-regularly back cross with other populations to stop breeding close relatives
6-preserve rare varieties ( needed for future )

Question 24

What equipment could you use to sample insect and animals ?

5

Answer 24

• tullgren funnel ( leaf litter )
• pitfall traps ( small insects )
• longworth traps ( small mammals )
• sweep nets ( insects )
• hit Tree with stick ( small insects )