Chapter 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
What are the 2 types of cell ?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
How are they different ?
( eukaryotic vs prokaryotic ) ?
(6)
EU - do have nucleus -membrane bound organelles -larger -DNA is linear -larger ribosomes Pro -No membrane bound organelles - nucleus -DNA is circular -small ribosomes -flagella
What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t ?
3
- cell wall
- Vacuole
- chloroplasts
What’s is the function of this plasma membrane ?
- regulates movement of substances into & out of cell
What’s the function of cell wall ?
1
Supports plant cell , withstands water pressure .
What’s the function of the nucleus ?
Nucleus pores ?
Nucleolus?
(3)
- controls the cells activities
- nucleus pores allows substances to live between nucleus and cytoplasm
- nucleolus- makes ribosomes
What’s the function of a lysosome ?
3
- digestive enzymes
- digest invading cells
- break down worn out components of cells
What’s the function of ribosome ?
1
- site where proteins are made
Function of RER ?
1
- folds and process proteins that have been made at ribosomes
Function of SER?
1
- synthesis and processes lipids
What’s the function of vesicles ?
1
- transports substances in and out of cell
What’s the function of Golgi apparatus ?
2
- processes and packages new lipids and proteins
- makes lysosomes
What’s the function of mitochondria ?
2
- site of aerobic respiration
- ATP produced
Function chloroplast?
1
- site of photosynthesis
Function of centriole ?
1
- separation of chromosomes during cell divisions
Function of cilia ?
2
- microtubulies allow cilia to move
- move substances along cell surface
Function of flagellum ?
2
- microtubules contract to make flagellum move
- properly cells forward
What are the organelles ( in correct order ) involved in protein production ?
( 6)
1-DNA in nucleus
2-mRNA to ribosome
3-folded and process at RER
4-vesicles —
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton ?
4
1-microtubules / microfilaments support the cells organelles keeping them in position
2-strengthen cell & maintain its shape
3- Movement of materials ( chromosomes )
4-cells movements ( cilia )
What’s the cell wall made of in a plant ?
Cellulose
Cell wall in fungi ?
Chitin
What’s Magnification equation ?
M = I/A
What image is formed by laser scanning microscope ?
- when used ?
(3)
- 3D
- clearer image
- used in different depths / thick specimens
What kind of specimen is viewed by the TEM ?
Resolution ?
(2)
- thin specimens
- HIGHest resolution
What does a SEM produce ?
- 3D image
- lower resolution
Which microscope has the best resolution and magnification ?
- TEM
How does TEM WORK ? What’s the image shown on ?
3
- electromagnets focus bean of electrons through thin sample !
- denser parts = absorb more electrons
- image shown on Fluorescent screen
How does SEM WORK ?
(3)
Image ?
Where is it shown ?
- electron beams scan over surface Of sample
- sample can be any thickness
- 3D image shown on TV monitor = image is of the surface of the sample !
Resolution of light microscope ?
Magnification?
(2)
0.2 micrometers
X1500
TEM RESOLUTION?
Magnification ? (2)
Resolution = 0.0002 micro meters
Magnification = more than x 100,00,00
Resolution and magnification of SEM ?
2
Resolution = 0.002 micrometer
Magnification is less than x500,000
How many : -mm in a cm -Micrometers in a mm -nanometers in a micrometer (3)
- 10mm in cm
- 1000 micrometers in 1mm
- 1000nm in 1 micrometer
What is resolution ?
2
- smallest distance that 2 objects can be separated and still be distinguished
