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BIOLOGY AS OCR > Chapter 1 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of cell ?

A

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

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2
Q

How are they different ?
( eukaryotic vs prokaryotic ) ?
(6)

A 
EU 
- do  have nucleus 
-membrane bound organelles  
-larger 
-DNA is linear 
-larger ribosomes 
Pro 
-No membrane bound organelles
- nucleus 
-DNA is circular 
-small ribosomes 
-flagella
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3
Q

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t ?

3

A
  • cell wall
  • Vacuole
  • chloroplasts
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4
Q

What’s is the function of this plasma membrane ?

A
  • regulates movement of substances into & out of cell
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5
Q

What’s the function of cell wall ?

1

A

Supports plant cell , withstands water pressure .

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6
Q

What’s the function of the nucleus ?
Nucleus pores ?
Nucleolus?
(3)

A
  • controls the cells activities
  • nucleus pores allows substances to live between nucleus and cytoplasm
  • nucleolus- makes ribosomes
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7
Q

What’s the function of a lysosome ?

3

A
  • digestive enzymes
  • digest invading cells
  • break down worn out components of cells
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8
Q

What’s the function of ribosome ?

1

A
  • site where proteins are made
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9
Q

Function of RER ?

1

A
  • folds and process proteins that have been made at ribosomes
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10
Q

Function of SER?

1

A
  • synthesis and processes lipids
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11
Q

What’s the function of vesicles ?

1

A
  • transports substances in and out of cell
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12
Q

What’s the function of Golgi apparatus ?

2

A
  • processes and packages new lipids and proteins

- makes lysosomes

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13
Q

What’s the function of mitochondria ?

2

A
  • site of aerobic respiration

- ATP produced

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14
Q

Function chloroplast?

1

A
  • site of photosynthesis
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15
Q

Function of centriole ?

1

A
  • separation of chromosomes during cell divisions
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16
Q

Function of cilia ?

2

A
  • microtubulies allow cilia to move

- move substances along cell surface

17
Q

Function of flagellum ?

2

A
  • microtubules contract to make flagellum move

- properly cells forward

18
Q

What are the organelles ( in correct order ) involved in protein production ?
( 6)

A

1-DNA in nucleus
2-mRNA to ribosome
3-folded and process at RER
4-vesicles —

19
Q

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton ?

4

A

1-microtubules / microfilaments support the cells organelles keeping them in position
2-strengthen cell & maintain its shape
3- Movement of materials ( chromosomes )
4-cells movements ( cilia )

20
Q

What’s the cell wall made of in a plant ?

A

Cellulose

21
Q

Cell wall in fungi ?

A

Chitin

22
Q

What’s Magnification equation ?

A

M = I/A

23
Q

What image is formed by laser scanning microscope ?
- when used ?
(3)

A
  • 3D
  • clearer image
  • used in different depths / thick specimens
24
Q

What kind of specimen is viewed by the TEM ?
Resolution ?
(2)

A
  • thin specimens

- HIGHest resolution

25
Q

What does a SEM produce ?

A
  • 3D image

- lower resolution

26
Q

Which microscope has the best resolution and magnification ?

A
  • TEM
27
Q

How does TEM WORK ? What’s the image shown on ?

3

A
  • electromagnets focus bean of electrons through thin sample !
  • denser parts = absorb more electrons
  • image shown on Fluorescent screen
28
Q

How does SEM WORK ?
(3)
Image ?
Where is it shown ?

A
  • electron beams scan over surface Of sample
  • sample can be any thickness
  • 3D image shown on TV monitor = image is of the surface of the sample !
29
Q

Resolution of light microscope ?
Magnification?
(2)

A

0.2 micrometers

X1500

30
Q

TEM RESOLUTION?

Magnification ? (2)

A

Resolution = 0.0002 micro meters

Magnification = more than x 100,00,00

31
Q

Resolution and magnification of SEM ?

2

A

Resolution = 0.002 micrometer

Magnification is less than x500,000

32
Q 
How many :
-mm in a cm 
-Micrometers in a mm
-nanometers in a micrometer 
(3)
A
  • 10mm in cm
  • 1000 micrometers in 1mm
  • 1000nm in 1 micrometer
33
Q

What is resolution ?

2

A
  • smallest distance that 2 objects can be separated and still be distinguished

BIOLOGY AS OCR (12 decks)

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