2.2 Biological Molecules Flashcards
What’s a condensation reaction??
2
- two molecules are JOINED together with the removal of water !
What’s a hydrolysis reaction ?
2
-reaction that occurs when a molecule is SPLIT into smaller molecules with the addition of water
What’s a hydrogen bond.
2
- a weak interaction that can occur wherever molecules contain a slightly negatively charged atom bonded to a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom
Why is water polar ?
2
- uneven charge distributions
- oxygen atoms have more protons and so attract the electrons more
- O2 = slightly negative
- H+ = slightly positive
What’s elements do carbohydrates contain ?
3
- C , H , O
What’s elements do proteins contain ?
5
-C,H,O,N and S
What elements do nucleic acids contain ?
5
- C,H,O,M and P
What can catalyse hydrolysis ?
1
- Enzymes
What are the properties of water -liquid -density -solvent -cohesion and surface tension -specific heat capacity -high latent heat of vaporisation -reactant (10)
- liquid over wide range of temps ( H bonds make it harder for molecules to escape and become a gas )
- ice is less dense than water ( molecules are more spread out - H bonds )
- Water is POLAR so it has an uneven charge distribution ( it can dissolve polar substances easily - cluster around them )
- Cohesion - H bonds pulls water molecules together
- surface tension - molecules at the surface are all H bonded to the molecules bellow - more attracted to water molecules beneath them than air molecules above = water contracts as molecules are pulled inwards = resist forces that are applied to it !
- HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY = high amount of energy required to lift the temp of 1g of water by 1C
- HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT OF VAPORISATION- lots of energy required to turn water into a gas
- also a reactant in many reactions ( photosynthesis, lipid hydrolysis , etc = important for digestion and synthesis of large biological molecules )
How is a high specific heat Capacity of water useful?
High latent heat ?
(4)
- High spec heat cap =
Living things are provided with stable body temp
aquatic organisms = stable environment temp
-high latent heat of vaporisation =
Removes a lot of energy when it evaporates so water can cool tings down & keep temperature stable
(Sweat)
When is the cohesion and surface tension of water helpful?
2
- columns of water are pulled up Xylem together from roots
- insects like pond skaters can walk on water
How is water a good solvent ? (3)
- polar uneven charge distribution
- dissolves polar substances very well = clusters around their charges
- non polar can dissolve as well : EVEN charge distribution
What’s the general formula for a monosaccharide?
1
- (CH2O)n
What are the 3 main types of carbohydrates ?
3 structure ?
(6)
- triose
- pentose
- hexose
- monosaccharides
- disaccharide
- polysaccharide
What’s the difference between alpha and beta glucose ?
3
- alpha glucose = H and then OH at bottom on both sides
- Beta Glucose = OH at top and H at bottom
They are the opposite ways around
