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History > China Wars > Flashcards

China Wars Flashcards

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1
Q

War vs Japan

What

A

J attack at Marco Polo Bridge, occupy Beijing
CK attack J in Shanghai, J got Shanghai, advanced up Yangtze River
J get Nanjing, CK retreat to Sichuan, new capital in Chongqing
1mn J in C, got main cities, lines of communication got Wuhan, Guangzhou, Hainan
Hundred Regiments battle. CCP attack J railways. 3 All Campaign. J got cites, imp railways, airways, bomb CK govt. CCP kept countryside, Not enough Japanese to conquer all of CHN
US join after Pearl Harbour, US supplies to Chongqing, US airfield in SE, attack J sea trade
J aim, destroy US airfield, CK cut off from sea. J retreat to Manchuria, CCP for 18 liberated areas
RU war on J, atom bomb on Nagasaki, surrender

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2
Q

War vs Japan
GMD
Scorched earth policy

A

So J could not strengthen war effort

Failed, misery to C, reduced resources opposition to GMD and CK

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3
Q

War vs Japan
GMD
Stockpile supplies

A

To fight C afterwards

US, gave no resources, frustrated allies and supporters

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4
Q

War vs Japan
GMG
Retreated to Sichuan

A

Defensive action
Cut CK from main ind areas, limited resources
Lost support, unwilling to fight, CHN wanted offensive action

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5
Q

War vs Japan
GMD
Governed like a dictator

A

Blue shirts hunted and tortured enemies of GMD

Remove opposition

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6
Q

War vs Japan
GMD
Blocked attempt of Stilwell to train GMD officers

A

Fear that officers would be good and overthrow him

US went to see Mao, offer support against J, poor relationship

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7
Q

War vs Japan
CCP
Built up forces under Lin Biao

A

Did not have resources, positive steps to drive J out
Guerilla tactics, cut telegraph wires, blew up railways, ambushed J troops
Hundred Regiments Battle, attack rail system, paralyse traffic J

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8
Q

War vs Japan
CCP
Lived with peasants

A 
Defeat J
RA taught kids to spy and warn
Land mines, hid in caves and tunnels
3 All campaign increased support for C
Hit J territory, retreat
Had control of countryside 300000 square miles, 95mn
Before 300000 square miles, 2mn
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9
Q

War vs Japan
CCP
Rectification campaign

A

Mao’s opponents in CCP confessed mistakes, humiliated

Discipline important, unity needed

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10
Q

War vs Japan
CCP
Pursue retreating J

A

Consolidate position

18 liberation area controlled

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11
Q

War vs Japan
CCP
Gave instructions to members

A

Taught peasants C ideas, respect,

Peasants helped, gave food, shelter, recruit

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12
Q

Support for CCP after war vs Japan

A

Increased
Appealed to peasants, hatred of J, GMD scorched earth policy
RA, offensive

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13
Q

Support for GMD after war vs Japan

A

Decreased

Scorched earth policy, stockpiling, defensive

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14
Q

People during the war vs Japan

A

Experienced cruelty from J, looting, murder, destruction of property, aerial bombings
4mn killed
60mn homeless

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15
Q

US involvement after war vs Japan

A

Did not want CCP to gain control of CHN
Assistance given to GMD, GMD troops transported by air to Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai
Marshall, US Secretary wanted GMD to work with CCP, US did not want a civil war, discussions held, broke down

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16
Q

Civil war vs Japan

What

A

1mn GMD attack Manchuria, main C bases, PLA held region, consolidated attacking base
GMD get Yanan, C Capital, C knew of attack and removed equipment out. PLA, guerilla attacks, got C+N during night raids, destroy railways, ambush patrols, force GMD=defensive, PLA=more land=more support, US stopped supporting GMD
CCP strong enough, fight head on, total destruction, NRA retreat, lost last Nationalist base in Manchuria
Battle of Huai Hai, GMD lost 500000, equipment, N+C
CK fled to Taiwan, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou fell to PLA
Common Programme made, CHN would be democratic for all but dict for opposition
People’s Republic of China formed, CK set up govt in Taiwan

17
Q

Why did CCP win the Civil war

Strengths of the CCP

A 
Mao's leadership, PLA was well behaved
Lin Biao was a good leader
Support of peasants, agreed with CCP and PLA behavior
Successful guerilla 
RA, from 1000000 men to 4000000
18
Q

Why did the GMD lose the Civil war

GMD weaknesses

A

CK govt=corrupt, US aid to CK+fam
High inflation, brutality of Blueshirts, GMD=party of the landlords
US gave $200mn in aid, cut off aid when GMD would be defeated
GMD forces fell to 1500000, many joined PLA, badly treated

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