Chemotherapy Flashcards
Verzenio (abemaciclib) taken by mouth for breast cancer. What should you inform your patient of.
Most common side effect is diarrhea
Other: nausea, vomiting, consitpation, mucositis, anorexia
take by mouth at the same time each day, with or without food
AC : Adriamycin (doxorubicin) + Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide)
Breast
most common: nausea/vomiting
less common: diarrhea, mucositis, anorexia
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Part of AC for breast cancer and RCHOP
liver, lung, ovaries, prostate, gastric, NHL< HL, MM, ALL, AML, SCC, head/neck, sarcoma
most notable: nausea and vomiting
less notable: diarrhea, mucositis, anorexia
Other: red urine, cardiac toxicity, hand-foot
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Lung, ovaries, testes, CLL, NHL, MM, part of AC for breast and RCHOP
most notable: nausea, vomiting
less notable: anorexia, diarrhea, mucositis
Toxicities: Cardiac, SIADH, Bladder/hemorrhagic cystitis –> hydration (3 L oral/day), empty bladder Q3 hr when awake—> Mensa given with high doses to prevent hemorragic cycstitis
increases effect of anticoagulants–> may need to be decreased
ABVD: Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine
Hodgkin lymphoma
most common: nausea, vomiting, constipation
less common: diarrhea, mucositis, anorexia, taste changes
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Part of AC for breast cancer and RCHOP
liver, lung, ovaries, prostate, gastric, NHL< HL, MM, ALL, AML, SCC, head/neck, sarcoma
most notable: nausea and vomiting
less notable: diarrhea, mucositis, anorexia
Other: red urine, cardiac toxicity, hand-foot
Bleomycin (Blenoxan)
HD, NHL, head/neck, squamous cell cancers of skin, cervix, vulva, testes, melanoma, malignant pleural effusions
most notable: mucositis
less notable: n/v, anorexia
toxicities: pulmonary, renal
Vinblastine (Velban)
Bladder, breast, testes
mucositis, stomatitis, constipation taste changes
Methotrexate (MTX)
NHL, ALL, bladder, breast, head/neck, osteosarcoma, gastric, lung
most notable: mucositis, GI ulcerations
less notable: nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting
Avoid folic acid during treatment (per old book) Avoid alcohol
Toxicities: renal, hepatic
DTIC (dacarbazine)
HD, melanoma, neuro, sarcomas, medullary thyroid cancer
side effects: nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Toxicity: central nervous system
Armidex (anastrozole)
Breast Cancer
most common: increased appetite, weight gain
less common: nausea, vomiting
long-term: decreased bone mineral density and hyperlipidemia
Tecentriq (atezolizumab)
metastatic urothelia, NSCLC, breast, melanoma
most notable: diarrhea
less notable: anorexia, nausea, constipation, vomiting
Bexoratene (Targretin)
Oral med, take with foods
Interactions: grapefruit juice increases concentrations and toxicities
Limit Vit A to < or equal to 1,500 IU/day to avoid possible drug toxicity
Inlyta (axitinib)
PO for advanced renal cell
most notable- diarrhea
less notable: anorexia, n/v, constipation, heartburn, HTN
CYP3A4 inducers (decrease drug activity)–> St.Johns Wort, Phenobarbital
CYP3A4 inhibitors (increase drug activity)–> grapefruit juice, Ketocanozole, erythromycin
Vidaza (azacitidine)
CML, MDS
most notable: nausea, diarrhea, constipation
less notable: vomiting, anorexia
Bendeka or Treanda (bendamustine)
B-cell lymphoma, NHD, CLL
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Temozolomide (Temodar)
PO-Take on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals or at bedtime) to reduce stomach upset.
astrocytoma, glioblastoma, brain tumors
More notable- nausea, diarrhea, taste changes
less notable- anorexia, mucositis
Sorafenib (Nexavar)
PO- without food 1-2 hours before eating
Renal cell, Thyroid, hepatocellular
more notable- diarrhea
less notable- anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation
CYP3A4 inducers (decrease drug activity)–> St.Johns Wort, Phenobarbital , dexamethasone
Tarceva (Erlotinib)
PO- on empty stomach–> 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating
metastatic NSCLC, unresectable pancreatic
side effects: diarrhea, n/v, poor appetite, fatigue
CYP3A4 inducers (decrease drug activity)–> St.Johns Wort, Phenobarbital
CYP3A4 inhibitors (increase drug activity)–> grapefruit juice, Ketocanozole, erythromycin
Tamoxifen (Novaldex)
PO- same time each day with full glass of water
Breast and ovarian
nausea
Milk Thistle should be used with caution
Avastin (bevacizumab)
biosimilar= Mvasi
metastatic colorectal, breast, renal cell, glioblastoma, NSCLC
Nutrition side effects: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, mucositis, diarrhea, constipation
other: HTN
Imatinib (Gleevec)
PO- with large glass of water after a meal
If pills are hard to swallow, pt may dissolve in apple juice, then followup by large glass of water
CML, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), MDS, ALL
most notable: nausea and vomiting
Less notable: diarrhea, anorexia, constipation
CYP3A4 inducers (decrease drug activity)–> St.Johns Wort, Phenobarbital
CYP3A4 inhibitors (increase drug activity)–> grapefruit juice, Ketocanozole, erythromycin
Palbociclib (Ibrance)
PO- whole with water within 30 min of meal
postmenopausal breast, ER+, HER2- advanced
more notable: nausea, diarrhea
less notable: mucositis, anorexia, vomiting
Capecitabine (Xeloda)
PO- after food within 30 min of meal
Colorectal, breast, esophageal, gastric, hepatobiliary, NET, pancreatic, ovarian, falopian, peritoneal
most notable: diarrhea, mucositis
less notable: n/v, anorexia, constipation
Notes: altered coagulation when taken with warfarin–> monitor closely
Vit B6 (50-100 mg) 2-3x/day may reduce incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome
CAPOX: capecitabine (xeloda), Oxaliplatin
Colorectal
most notable: diarrhea, cold sensitivity, mucositis
less notable: abdominal cramping, anorexia, n/v, taste changes
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
breast, bladder, cervix, esophagus, Head/neck, lung ovarian, sarcoma
most notable: nausea, vomiting, taste changes
less notable: diarrhea, constipation, mucositis
other: hypomagnesemia, renal toxicity
Cisplatin (Platinol, CDDP)
Bladder, cervix, esophagus, head and neck, lung, prostate, ovaries, gastric, testes, HNL
Major side effect: nausea and vomiting
less notable: taste changes, anorexia
other: rigorous oral hydration is necessary to prevent nephrotoxicity.
causes low magnesium, low calcium, low potassium, SIADH, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy
Elderly, those with impaired renal function and hypomagnesmia at baseline are at risk.
Mannitol may be given with Cisplatin to reduce renal toxcitity
Carfilzomib (Kyprolis)
MM
most notable- diarrhea
less notable: n/v, constipation, anorexia
Carmustine (BCNU)
Brain, HL, NHL, MM, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
nutrition side effects: nausea, vomiting
toxicities: renal, hepatic, pulmonary
Cetuximab (Erbitux)
metastatic colorectal, NSCLC, squamous cell of head/neck and skin
most notable: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
less notable: mucositis
Monitor serum magnesium and calcium levels closely for drops –> at risk populations are elderly and those who have previously been on oxaliplatin
Toxicity: pulmonary
CyBorD
Cyclophosphamide- IV or PO
Bortezomid- IV
Dexamethazone - PO
MM
most notable: Nausea, vomiting
less notable: diarrhea, mucositis, xerostomia, constipation, anorexia
other: hyperglycemia
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Lung, ovaries, testes, CLL, NHL, MM, part of AC for breast and RCHOP
most notable: nausea, vomiting
less notable: anorexia, diarrhea, mucositis
Toxicities: Cardiac, SIADH, Bladder/hemorrhagic cystitis –> hydration (3 L oral/day), empty bladder Q3 hr when awake—> Mensa given with high doses to prevent hemorragic cycstitis
increases effect of anticoagulants–> may need to be decreased
Velcade (bortezomid)
MM, mentle cell lymphoma
most notable: diarrhea
Less notable: fatigue, n/v, constipation, anorexia
other: neuropathy
food drug interactions: Avoid green tea especially in capsule form,
CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers may alter drug activity (St.Johns Wort, Grapefruit juice)
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
used to prevent allergic reactions, treatment of nausea, used in leukemia, lymphoma, MM
hyperglycemia, increased appetite, insomnia, heartburn, muscle weakness
RCHOP
Rituxan, Cytoxan, Adriamycin (doxorubincin), Oncovin, and Prednisone
NHL
most notable: nausea, constipation
Less notable: mouth sores, xerostomia, diarrhea, taste changes, anorexia