chemistry partial 2 Flashcards
Rutherford’s model and how did he get it?
Small nucleus with electrons surrounding it all in a sphere of positive ness and by alpha rays that are the nucleus of a helium atom that had to do with radioactive elements.
Thomson’s model, how did he get it?
Electrons in a cloud of positive ness. By cathode rays.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element but with different neutrons
Frequency
How many waves there are in a certain period of time
Bohr’s model and how
Orbitals!!
And electrifying gases and getting their electromagnetic spectrum.
Orbital
A region of space most likely to find an orbital
Paulo’s principle
You have to fill the orbitals before going to the next one
Aufbau principle
The worm :3 where you have to fill the energy levels and shells in order
Configurations
Electronic- arrows
Orbital- exponential
Noble gas- gas and whatever
Amu
Atomic mass unit
1/12 of a 12 carbon atom
Atomic radius
Size of an atom
Ionization energy
Energy required to remove electrons
Electronegativity
Energy that attracts electrons or energy needed to add electrons
How are stars formed?
Through nuclei synthesis (fission)
Transmutation
Change of an elements nucleus into another element by fission
Particle accelerator
Accelerate a nucleus through a magnetic field up to .9 c
Transyranium
An element heavier than uranium up to 102
Super heavy elements
They have a nucleus so heavy that it only last for a few seconds elements starting with 103 and on
Cyclotron and synchro cyclotron
They needed each time less
.999 c and limited
Better design voltage even if they gained mass, elements 102 and forth
Amu
Atomic mass unit
1/12 of a carbon 12 atom
Portions and neutrons are approximately 1 amu
1.67*10–27
Weighed average
When isotopes are mixed
You multiply their atomic mass times the percentage there is of that isotope and you add them up
Nuclear change
Fission( you have a big and small nuclei and the small makes the big one split and make a chain reaction, from big nuclei to small)
Fusion ( from small nuclei to big, ex sun)
Radioactive decay( not so dramatic, nuclear changes in unstable nuclei alpha : turn into another nucleus and release a small nucleus, and beta: releases exited electron because a neutron baca me a proton or vice versa, alpha is most common
Radioactive isotopes
From nuclear change from a decay
Boron-10 concentrates in eliminating cancer cells
Carbon-14 for knowing how long someone has been dead
Iodine-131 to test for thyroid activity
Nitrogen-15 determining how much water a plant is absorbing
Chlorine-36
Measure sources of chloride and the age of water up to two million years
Electronic configuration and orbital notation
With exponents
With arrows
