chem II sem2 partial1

Question 0

Molar mass of element?

Answer 0

Weight of one mole of any chemical substance

Question 1

Three compounds of a nucleotide

Answer 1

One or more phosphate groups, sugar containing g five carbons and nitrogen base

Question 2

Formula mass

Answer 2

For compounds, molar mass of it.
Amu per molecules
Avogadro’s number of formula units are equal to one mole
6.022*10^23 molecules are equal to one mole

Question 3

Formula mass units expressed in

Answer 3

Amu/ molecule

Question 5

Empirical formula

Answer 5

Ratio of an element on the other if thing. You get the moles of the element and then divide the biggest ones by the smallest one and if you get a decimal multiply so you get the empirical formula

Question 6

Multiple proportions

Answer 6

Used in transforming from empirical to molecular

Question 6

Atoms and moles

Answer 6

What’s true for atoms it’s true for moles

Question 7

Molecular formula

Answer 7

Actual containing or describing the compound. To obtain it with the empirical formula then you divide the molar mass of the molecular formula divided by the molecular mass of the empirical formula and multiply that whole number to the empirical formula.

Question 8

Definite proportions

Answer 8

Used in percentage composition

Question 9

Conservation of mass

Answer 9

When subtracting percentages or mass

Question 10

Macromolecule

Answer 10

Very long molecule of large groups of carbon

Question 12

Polymer

Answer 12

Made form many monomers(small molecule that can be joined and make other molecules) joined together

Question 13

Physical properties of polymers

Answer 13

Shape stress
Hard(doesn’t) and soft ( does)

Elongation 
Though( does) and weak( snaps or doesn't)

Question 13

Addition

Answer 13

When a double carbon bond breaks and can bond to more carbons
Synthetic
examples:PVC, polyehylen, nylon, teflon, kevlar…

Question 14

Condensation

Answer 14

When functional groups come together and form a bond and then release water )ex, acid and amine become amide and form water)
Natural
examples:wood, cotton, rubber, wool, silk, sugar, starch

Question 15

Classification by physical properties

Answer 15

Plastics
Hard and weak

Fibers
Soft and weak

Elastomers
Soft and though

Question 16

Bio molecules

Answer 16

Molecules of life, CHON, covalent bonds
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids

Question 17

What can affect polymer structure

Answer 17

Chain length
Branching( linear or not)
Cross linking( elongation and DNA )
IMF copolymers

Question 19

Carbohydrates

Answer 19

Ether bond or glycosidic
Made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,
Classification: monosaccharides(glucose and fructose), disaccharides(lactose and galactose) and
polysaccharides(starch, glycogen and cellulose)
Cyclic, alcohol and ether bonds(glycosidic in disaccharides)
Uses: building structures, instant energy and storing energy, sugar, pasta, honey, bread, cereal…

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

Ester bond, nonpolar mostly
Structure: saturated and unsaturated(carboxylic acid and double c bond)
Classification: fatty acids(saturated and unsaturated), triglycerides, membrane, sterols, eicosanoids and vitamins ADK, differentiating man from woman
Uses: pain signals, cell membranes, night vision and long term energy , oil, butter, brownies

Question 20

Nucleic acids

Answer 20

Made from nucleotides(one or more phosphate groups, sugar containing five ring carbon and ring shaped nitrogen base)
Classification: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains genetic information that passes to offspring to make DNA and RNA and uses A,T and C, guanine
Ribonuclease acid(RNA) assist I protein synthesis by helping coordinate protein assembly there is three types: rRNA, mRNA and tRNA
And hydrogen bonded

Question 21

Proteins

Answer 21

Peptide bonds(amino acids) 
Structure: primary(sequence), secondary(alpha helix and beta sheets), tertiary(3D structure) and quartery  (interaction) 
Classification: fibrous(hair, collagen, silk which are large, big and insoluble in water), globular(hemoglobin, enzymes which are short and compact)
From animal products and work for enzymes, for glowing, accelerate chemical reactions, muscles hair etc

Question 22

Carboxylic acid group

Answer 22

-COOH

Question 23

Symbology chemical equations

Answer 23

Arrow( react to yield or yield)
Coefficients
Two arrows(reversible reaction)
+ and sign
() state sign
Arrow and triangle(when heated produces)
Arrow and pressure(you can only get the reaction if you have that pressure)
Arrow and catalyze(helps increase reaction but not part of it)

Question 24

Nutrition

Answer 24

Cho's lipids and proteins
Numbers represent how easily they are broken down
2Lipids(9.5 kcal/gr)
3Proteins (4.5 kcal/gr)
1Carbohydrates (same)

Food kcal/100 gr.
4.184 joules= 1 cal

Food pyramid from top to bottom: oil,cheese,proteins,fruits and begetables,CHO’s

Question 26

Si prefixes

Answer 26

Tera 10-12
Giga 10-9
Mega 10-6
Kilo 10-3
Hecto 10-2
Deka 10-1

Deci 10--1
Centi 10--2
Milli 10--3
Micro 10--6
Nano 10--9
Pico 10--12
Femto 10--15
Atto 10--18

Question 27

Nucleic acid

Answer 27

Phosphodiester bonds and hydrogen bonds too
They are made from nucleotides
RNA:AJCG
DNA:ATGC
Classification: Dexyribonucleic acid(DNA) which contains the genetic ingormation that is transmitted into offspring and ribonucleic acid (RNA) which assists in protein synthesis by helping coordinate protein assembly like instructions.(rRNA,mRNA and iRNA)