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Occupational Medicine > Chemicals and Toxidromes Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Chemicals and Toxidromes Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Material Safety Data Sheets

A

Required by OSHA to provide guidance to help workers understand hazards and how to handle toxic materials written in a language anyone can understand (no medical lingo)

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2
Q

Lead in children will replace what in the body?**

A

Calcium in their bones

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3
Q

Metabolism of fat soluble toxins occurs in the ___, water soluble in the ____

A

liver, kidneys

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4
Q

4 common groups of toxic substances

A
  • solvents
  • metals and mineral dusts
  • hydrocarbons and pesticides
  • inorganic gases
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5
Q

Solvents toxidrome exposure

A

Widely used with many applications and industries including aromatic and halogenated compounds primarily exposed via inhalation and skin absorption

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6
Q

Solvent exposure symtpoms (3)

A
  • encephalopathy often acute
  • chronic potential progression to dementia
  • irritation of skin
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7
Q

Benzene solvent affect on body (2)***

A

Aplastic anemia and acute myelogenous leukemia

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8
Q

Carbon tetrachloride affect (1)**

A

-potent hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

Hexanes definition**

A

A solvent exposure produced by refining of crude oil, formulation of glues for shoes, leather products, and roofing, used in degreasing, forms toxic metabolite

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10
Q

Carbon tetrachloride is seen in what specific group?

A

Scientific research and synthetic chemistry research

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11
Q

Methylene chloride definition

A

Solvent agent used as paint stripper, decaffeinator, and pin aerosol spray or blowing agents for polyurethane foams

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12
Q

Carbon disulfide definition

A

Solvent agent used in shipping containers as a fumigant for pests,

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13
Q

Heavy metals definition

A

Metal of high specific gravity of 5.0 or over, examples include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, etc

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14
Q

Arsenic definition

A

Used as insecticide and herbicide, treatment of lumbar (don’t burn pressure treated lumbar!) occupatinal exposure in smelting of other ores

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15
Q

Acute arsenic poisoning signs and symptoms (6)

A
  • metallic taste
  • dry mouth
  • dysphasia
  • rice water stools
  • profound vomiting
  • bone marrow suppression lasting
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16
Q

Chronic arsenic poisoning signs and symptoms (6)

A
  • hyperpigmentation
  • cancer
  • sensorimotor neropathy
  • cirrhosis
  • megaloblastic anemia
  • mee’s lines
17
Q

Cadmium definition

A

Heavy metal used in electroplating or alloy batteries, accumulates in the lungs and very slow elimination of up to 33 years

18
Q

Acute cadmium poisoning signs and symptoms (4)

A
  • retrosternal chest pain
  • cough
  • dyspnea
  • recovers in weeks
19
Q

Chronic cadmium poisoning signs and symptoms (5)

A
  • kidney damage seeing proteinuria
  • lower back pain
  • bone pain
  • burning iwth urination
  • often in post menopausal women (itai itai disease)
20
Q

What type of chromium is particularly toxic?

A

Trivalent and hexvalent

21
Q

Lead definition

A

Heavy metal found in ores used in pipes, painting, ammunition, leaded gasoline, most absorbed thru the lungs some ingested, stays in body very long time particularly if enters bones

22
Q

Plumbism definition

A

Lead poisoning, brings on variety of symtpoms but particularly focused on the brain such as decreased IQ, cognitive deficits, etc in children

23
Q

Burton’s line

A

Blue line along the gums with bluish black edging to teeth, strong indicator of chronic lead poisoning

24
Q

Blood lead level indicative of exposure

A

> 10mcg/dL

25
Q

Mercury definition

A

Heavy metal liquid that evaporates at room temp and is highly toxic, usually seen in inorganic form in light bulbs, dentistry, battery, medical and scientific equipment

26
Q

Mad hatter’s disease

A

Toxicity due to mercury exposure over time causing paresthesias, vision and hearing impairment, slurred speech, anxiety, hallucinations, irritability, depression, lack of coordination, tremors

27
Q

Mercury poisoning acute effects (2)

A
  • corrosive effects causing nausea, abdomoinal pain

- chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema

28
Q

Mercury poisoning chronic effects (5)**

A
  • mad hatter’s disease
  • tremor
  • gingivitis
  • odd behavior (erethism)
  • minamata disease (neurologic caused by poisoning)
29
Q

Medical management of heavy metal toxicity

A

-chelation therapy

30
Q

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons definition

A

Formed from incomplete combustion of coal or oil, exposure increases risk of lung and bladder cancer, seen occupational exposure in gas, iron ad steel foundaries, chimney cleaning, roofing, etc, exposed generally in the environment especially worsened in air pollution

31
Q

Soot wart

A

Chimney sweeper cancer in children identified as children chimney sweepers who would sweat would find soot trapped in the rugae of the inferior surface of the scrotum developing squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum

32
Q

Organophosphates and carbamates* definition and signs and symptoms (9)*

A
  • Largest portion of acute systemic insecticide poisonings that act by inhibiting enzyme acetycholinesterase
  • patient presents with diarrhea and cramping, chest tightness, salivation, blurred vision, urinary incontinence, profuse sweating, bradycardia, muscle twitching and weakness, tremor
33
Q

Organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP)

A

Characterized by flaccid paralysis of lower limbs

34
Q

Organopohosphate treatment options (2)

A
  • airway protection

- atropine sulfate IV

35
Q

DDT pesticides impact on bald eagles

A

Causes their shells to become incredibly fragile and often break resulting in near extinction of the bald eagle

36
Q

Pyrethroid pesticides definition and signs and symptoms (4)

A
  • Synthetic versions of pesticides that mediate toxicity via funcitonal changes to sodium channels
  • salivations, NVD, tremor, seizures
37
Q

How does cyanide and carbon monoxide poison?

A

Interfere with cellular respiration and o2 transport respectively making them rapidly fatal at sufficient dose

38
Q

Ammonia + bleach

A

Highly toxic biproduct from reaction between 2 that can cause irritant effect on upper respiratory tract

Occupational Medicine (17 decks)

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