Chemical fetilizers Flashcards
are natural or synthetic substances that provide essential chemical
elements to promote plant growth and increase productivity
Fertilizers
They improve soil fertility or
replenish nutrients that have been depleted by previous crops.
Fertilizers
___ refers to the ability of soil to supply plants with the necessary nutrients
in sufficient quantities and the right balance, supporting their growth when other factors
like light, moisture, temperature, and soil structure are optimal.
Soil fertility
____are artificially created compounds that contain known macroelements, namely __, __, __or the NPK that increase plant
growth and productivity.
Chemical fertilizers;
nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus
-nutrient Essential for the production of chlorophyll, which plants utilize in
photosynthesis to turn sunlight into energy.
Nitrogen
this nutrient stimulates leafy growth, allowing
plants to create lush foliage and facilitate rapid vegetative development. This is especially
crucial for leafy crops like lettuce and spinach.
Nitrogen
- this nutrient is essential for energy transport throughout the plant, as well as
root development and flower creation
Phosphorous
this nutrient strengthens roots and promotes the
creation of buds, flowers, and seeds, resulting in increased fruit production in flowering
plants.
Phosphorus;
This nutrient is especially important during early plant stages and for crops such as
root vegetables and cereals.
Phosphorus
-this nutrient Enhances plant resilience by promoting water retention, enzyme
activity, and disease resistance.
Potassium
this nutrient modulates several physiological processes,
including water use efficiency, and promotes plant hardiness, allowing crops to withstand
environmental challenges such as drought and pests. It improves the quality of fruits and
flowers.
Potassium
Other Nutrients and Necessary for Plant Growth:
● ____for production of proteins.
● __ and __necessary for production of chlorophyll.
Sulfur ;
Iron and Magnesium
Other Nutrients and Necessary for Plant Growth:
●__, __, __, and ___ for production of enzymes.
● __helps with cell division and production of hormones
Manganese, Copper, Zinc, and Molybdenum;
Boron
● ___important for plant growth and helps to strengthen cell wall
Silicon
Chemical Fertilizers (3)
Urea (CO(NH₂)₂);
Triple Superphosphate (Ca(H₂PO₄)₂);
Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄);
a white, crystalline material containing roughly 46%
nitrogen by weight. It is a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia
(NH3) that will be refined and dried to yield the finished product
urea
Urea is one of the most extensively used nitrogen fertilizers due to its …
(1)High nitrogen content (2)Affordability and
(3)Easy handling and application
___is a
concentrated fertilizer with a phosphorus content of 44-48% (as __).
Triple Superphosphate (TSP);
P₂O₅
It is created from phosphate rock that has been processed with phosphoric acid,
resulting in a powerful supply of phosphorus that plants may easily absorb.
Triple Superphosphate (TSP)
___in TSP supports strong root
systems, blooming, and seed production, which can result in higher crop
yields and higher-quality products.
Phosphorus
____, or sulfate of
potash, is a potassium-based fertilizer that also contains sulfur, making it a
significant nutrition source for plants.
Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄)
Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) contains around __% potassium
(K₂O) and __% sulfur, providing dual benefits to crops requiring both
critical elements.
50;
18
____in K₂SO₄ regulates water usage, enzyme activity, and photosynthesis in plants while ___, a secondary ingredient
essential for protein synthesis and enzyme performance
Potassium ; sulfur
This nutrient boosts plant resistance
to drought, disease, and environmental stress, making it especially
beneficial for fruiting and tuberous crops such as tomatoes, potatoes, and
carrots, for higher production and quality.
Potassium
boosts plant
growth, flavor, and color in crops like onions, garlic, and other sulfur
loving plants.
Sulfur
Nitrogen from __ or __dissolves into
__ or __, whereas phosphorus from __
dissolves into ___
urea or ammonium nitrate ; ammonium (NH₄⁺) or nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions;
superphosphate ;phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻).
The dissolved nutrients flow through the soil water towards the roots via the
following processes:
mass flow
diffusion
- When plants absorb water, they create a pull that transports dissolved
nutrients along with the water to the roots.
Mass Flow
is the movement of nutrients from areas of high concentration (closer to
where the fertilizer was applied) to lower concentration zones (near the root surfaces),
resulting in a balance.
Diffusion
___aids in chlorophyll formation,
___in energy transmission, and ___in enzyme activation and water
management.
nitrogen ;
phosphorus;
potassium
advantages of fertilizers (2)
Disadvantages of fertilizer (3)
advanatges: Immediate Nutrient Availability; Easy Application and Precise Formulation
disadvantages: Soil Degradation; Potential Pollution from Runoff ; Nutrient Imbalances
___ is a major environmental issue; discharge causes ___, which
occurs when excess nutrients generate algal blooms in water bodies, depleting oxygen
levels and hurting aquatic life and ecosystems.
Nutrient runoff; eutrophication
can be defined as an agricultural process that uses biological
fertilizers and pest control acquired from animal or plant waste.
Organic farming
It is a production
system which excludes the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides,
growth regulators, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and livestock feed
additives.
Organic farming
__is home to 30% of the total organic producers in the world accounting
to ___% of the total organic cultivated area of __ million ha according to the ____ 2018 report
India; 2.59; 57.8; World
Organic Agriculture
involves integrated
nutrient management and integrated pest management.
Integrated organic farming
____is practiced to release nutrients to the crops for increased sustainable production in an ecofriendly and pollution free environment. It aims to produce crops with a ___
Organic farming;
high nutritional value.
depends upon the animal manures, organic wastes, crop
rotations, legumes, pest control through biological means. It is the ecological
production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological
cycles and biological activities of the soil.
Organic farming
Organic farming is divided into two types, namely:
INTEGRATED ORGANIC FARMING;
PURE ORGANIC FARMING
integration of pest management and nutrients management to achieve ecological
requirements and demands
INTEGRATED ORGANIC FARMING -
avoiding all unnatural chemicals
all the fertilizers and pesticides are obtained from natural sources such as bone
meal or blood meal
PURE ORGANIC FARMING - -
Chemicals
Conventional farming =
Organic farming =
Conventional farming = synthetic fertilizers, pesticides etc
Organic farming = natural methods like
composting and green manure.
Fertilizers
Conventional farming =
Organic farming =
Conventional farming = chemical
Organic farming = compost and manure
Pest control
Conventional farming =
Organic farming =
Conventional farming = pesticides
Organic farming = insects, birds, traps, or mating disruption
Environmental impacts:
Conventional farming =
Organic farming =
Conventional farming = soil erosion, water pollution, GHG emission
Organic farming = small carbon footprint
Organic farming has many components, including: 7
Crop rotation:
Organic matter:
Nutrient management:
Compost:
Improved soil fertility and structure:
Pest control:
Biodynamic agriculture:
Helps preserve soil contents.
Crop rotation:
An essential component of healthy soil.
Organic matter:
Avoids processed soluble fertilizers that bypass the soil’s natural processes.
Nutrient management:
Made from wet organic matter, like food waste and leaves, that decomposes into
humus over time.
Compost:
Organic farming aims to maintain nutrients in their natural state so plants can
easily access them.
Improved soil fertility and structure:
Organic farmers use strategies like crop rotation, pest-resistant plants,
and natural predators.
Pest control:
An organic farming method that uses preparations made from cow
manure, silica, and plants to improve crop growth.
Biodynamic agriculture:
Organic farming is based on four principles:
Health, ecology, fairness, and care.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ORGANIC FARMING (5)
Soil Health and Fertility;
Biodiversity Preservation;
Water Quality and Conservation;
Climate Impact;
Reduced Chemical Residues
Soil Health and Fertility (3)
Natural Fertilization;
Soil Structure and Erosion Prevention;
Microbial Activity;
Biodiversity Preservation (2)
Habitat for Pollinators and Wildlife;
Pest and Disease Resistance
Water Quality and Conservation (2)
Reduction in Water Pollution
Efficient Water Usage
Climate Impact (2)
Carbon Sequestration;
Reduced Energy Consumption
Reduced Chemical Residues (2)
Healthier Ecosystems;
Lower Pesticide Resistance
is the process of applying nutrients directly to the leaves of
plants. This method bypasses the soil and allows nutrients to be absorbed directly
through the leaf surface.
Foliar nutrition
Plants absorb nutrients through their leaves in a process
called ____. This process is similar to how plants absorb nutrients through
their roots, but it involves different mechanisms
foliar absorption
___ is a method of providing plants with nutrients by dissolving
them in water and spraying them on leaves,
Foliar feeding
in Foliar feeding, nutrients dissolved in water and spraying them on leaves, can sometimes enter the leaf through:
stomata;
micropores in leaf cuticle
The most common nutrient deficiencies that can be corrected with foliar sprays
are of 5
potassium, zinc, boron, manganese and iron.
is most effective for nutrients like potassium zinc, boron, manganese, and
iron because these elements can be absorbed directly through the leaf surfaces in a form
that plants can quickly utilize.
Foliar feeding
