Chapter 10: Advances in Plant Phy

Question 1

Are proteins thay capture and funnel light energy to photosystem for energy conversion

Answer 1

Light harvesting complex

Question 2

Modern techniques like ___ allow for precise modifications in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathway

Answer 2

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

Question 3

Hormone crosstalk (2)

Answer 3

Auxin-Gibberellin interaction;
ABA and Ethylene Crosstalk

Question 4

A protein kinase that resides at the ER has been thought to play a negative role in ethylene signaling pathway; enhances expression of stress related genes

Answer 4

Constitutive Triple Response 1(CTR 1)

Question 5

Identification of genes like ___ in rice promotes deeper root systems for improved drought tolerance

Answer 5

Deeper rooting 1 (DRO 1)

Question 6

is applied in plant-environment interactions and to AI and big data providing
insights on plant’s response to environmental cues and analyzing large datasets, predict gene functions, and
simulate growth and stress responses

Answer 6

Biotechnology

Question 7

: Focuses on entire plant genomes, aiding in gene discovery, genome editing, and accelerating
crop improvement programs.

Answer 7

Genomics

Question 8

: Analyzes RNA to understand gene expression, revealing plant responses to stress and
regulatory pathways.

Answer 8

Transcriptomics

Question 9

Study proteins and metabolites, contributing to stress tolerance and
enhanced nutritional content.

Answer 9

Proteomics and Metabolomics:

Question 10

Uses fluorescent markers to track nutrient movement, protein interactions, and
hormone signaling.

Answer 10

Fluorescence Microscopy:

Question 11

Produces 3D images to study plant tissue architecture
and cell wall formation.

Answer 11

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM):

Question 12

Penetrates deeper into tissues with reduced damage, ideal for observing root
growth and live tissues.

Answer 12

Multiphoton Microscopy:

Question 13

Non-invasive method for monitoring water transport and plant
development.

Answer 13

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

Question 14

Captures broad wavelengths to analyze photosynthetic efficiency and detect early
stress signals.

Answer 14

Hyperspectral Imaging:

Question 15

Observes dynamic cellular processes like vesicle trafficking and cytokinesis in real
time.

Answer 15

Live Cell Imaging:

Question 16

Nanoscale imaging of plant surfaces to study cell wall structure and
mechanical properties.

Answer 16

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM):

Question 17

___ in plant physiology enables analysis of complex datasets and revealing
patterns that traditional methods often miss

Answer 17

Artificial intelligence (AI)

Question 18

also known as “agritech,” encompasses a broad range of disciplines and
devices that improve agricultural output.

Answer 18

Agricultural technology,

Question 19

, also called Agriculture 3.0, evolved out of the need to track and more
efficiently manage all inputs into crop production.

Answer 19

Precision or smart farming

Question 20

____was the breakthrough technology that made this age (___)of farming possible. It helps find deviations within a given agricultural production space, allowing for more
effective use of available resources. This was the main reason why the idea of sustainable agriculture and
a number of automation options came about.

Answer 20

Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS);Agriculture 3.0

Question 21

Technology like autonomous
machines, sensor-equipped robots, augmented reality, the Internet of Things (IoT), drones, and satellites is
all part of the new agricultural environment, named __

Answer 21

Agriculture 4.0, Or Connected Farming

Question 22

____ or simply put, “digital agriculture,” refers to the next generation of
farming methods and tools for maximizing crop yields and other agricultural outcomes. One such
technology is 5G, which is currently undergoing rapid development and will improve the reach and
accessibility of the latest agritech achievements around the world.

Answer 22

Agriculture technology 5.0,