Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Plant Physio FINALS > Chapter 7 Lipid Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Lipid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Key Functions of Lipids in Plants (4)

A

Energy storage
Membrane structure
Signaling molecules
Thermal Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

serve as a concentrated source of energy.

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____, stored in seeds and
other tissues, provide energy during periods of growth and development.

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

__, ___, and ___are fundamental components of cellular membranes,
contributing to membrane integrity, fluidity, and functionality.

A

Phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

__ and ___ help plants retain moisture and protect against environmental
stressors, such as extreme temperatures and pathogens.

A

Waxes and cuticular lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of Lipids in Plants

A

Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

___ are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains

A

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

___ have no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature,

A

Saturated fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ contain one or more
double bonds, which introduces kinks in their structure and keeps them liquid at
room temperature.

A

unsaturated fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

are the primary form of stored energy in plants, predominantly
found in seeds and some fruits.

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are composed of three fatty acids attached to
a glycerol molecule.

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During ____, triglycerides are broken down into fatty
acids and glycerol, providing energy and carbon skeletons for the growing plant.

A

germination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

They serve not only as energy reserves but also as thermal insulators and
protective agents

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

They consist of
two fatty acid tails, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group.

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The unique
structure of phospholipids,

A

with hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads and
hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

___are lipids that contain carbohydrate moieties

A

Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

These molecules are typically found in the outer layer of the plasma
membrane and contribute to cell-cell interactions, which are crucial for processes
like immune response and tissue development

A

Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are a subgroup of lipids characterized by a four-ring structure

A

Sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

most common sterols are

A

sitosterol and stigmasterol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

These compounds help to
maintain membrane fluidity and integrity, particularly under varying temperature
conditions.

A

sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

can also play roles in plant growth and development by
influencing hormone pathways and cell signaling mechanisms

A

Sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lipid Metabolism Pathways

A

Lipogenesis
Lipolysis

23
Q

location of lipogenesis

A

plastids, particularly in chloroplasts, and within
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells.

24
Q

Key process of lipogenesis

A

Fatty acid synthesis
Triglyceride formation
Lipid modification

25
Q

Fatty Acid Synthesis:

The process begins with ____, which is derived from carbohydrates or
proteins.

A

acetyl-CoA

26
Q

Fatty Acid Synthesis:

Acetyl-CoA is converted to ____ by the enzyme _____

A

malonyl-CoA;
acetyl-CoA
carboxylase.

27
Q

Fatty Acid Synthesis:

Malonyl-CoA is then used in the _____ to
elongate the fatty acid chain in a series of condensation, reduction, dehydration,
and reduction steps, producing ____ (usually C16 and C18).

A

fatty acid synthase complex;
long-chain fatty acids

28
Q

Triglyceride Formation:
Once fatty acids are synthesized, they are linked to ____ through
____, forming triglycerides.

A

glycerol-3-phosphate;
esterification;

29
Q

Triglyceride formation:

Triglycerides are primarily stored in specialized organelles known as ___, with a significant concentration found in seeds, which rely on
these reserves for energy during germination

A

oil bodies or
lipid droplets

30
Q

Lipid Modifications:
○ The synthesized fatty acids can undergo various modifications, including
___ and ____

A

desaturation and elongation.

31
Q

Lipid modification results in the formation of different lipid
classes such as _____(important for cell membranes) and ____
(which play roles in cell recognition and signaling).

A

phospholipids ;
glycolipids

32
Q

location of lipolysis

A

mainly occurs in the peroxisomes and mitochondria

33
Q

key process of lipolysis

A

Triglyceride hydrolysis
Beta-oxidation
Glyoxylate cycle

34
Q

Triglyceride hydrolysis:

The breakdown of stored triglycerides starts with their hydrolysis into ___ and___, facilitated by enzymes ___

A

free fatty acids and glycerol;
lipase

35
Q

The released free fatty acids are transported into peroxisomes and mitochondria
for a process called ____

A

beta-oxidation.

36
Q

During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into ___, along
with the production of reducing equivalents such as____ and ____

A

acetyl-CoA units;
NADH and FADH2.

37
Q

Inplant seedlings, the ___ is a unique metabolic pathway that
enables the conversion of acetyl-CoA, produced during fatty acid oxidation, into
carbohydrates.

A

glyoxylate cycle

38
Q

This conversion is vital for supporting growth and energy needs during early
development stages when seedlings rely on stored lipids before they can
photosynthesize effectively

A

glyoxylate cycle

39
Q

Factors controlling the Lipid Metabolism

A

Hormonal Control
Nutritional Status
Environmental Factors
Microbial Interactions

40
Q
A
41
Q

Plant Hormones=

A

Phytohormones

42
Q

examples of phytohormones

A

Auxins
abscisic acid
ethylene

43
Q

: Can influence lipid accumulation by modulating cell growth and
division.

A

Auxins

44
Q

Often increases during stress, promoting lipid mobilization
for energy.

A

Abscisic Acid (ABA):

45
Q

: Affects lipid breakdown during fruit ripening and senescence.

A

Ethylene

46
Q

Nutritional Status depends on

A

Carbon Availability
Nutrient Levels

47
Q

Excess carbohydrates can lead to increased lipid storage through pathways like

A

de novo fatty
acid synthesis.

48
Q

Essential nutrients, such as __ and ___, play crucial roles
in lipid metabolism

A

nitrogen and phosphorus

49
Q

____ can impair lipid synthesis, while sufficient
levels promote healthy growth and storage.

A

Nitrogen deficiency

50
Q

Environmental Factors

A

Light
Temperature
stress condiitons

51
Q

Temperature fluctuations can alter lipid composition, particularly the ___, impacting membrane fluidity and metabolic rates.

A

fatty acid profile

52
Q

Environmental stressors (e.g., drought, salinity) can trigger
alterations in lipid metabolism, often leading to the accumulation of stress-related lipids
like___ and
___

A

phospholipids and fatty acid derivatives

53
Q

can influence lipid metabolism in plants by enhancing nutrient
availability and promoting beneficial interactions that can modify metabolic pathways

A

Soil microbiota

54
Q

fatty acids modification can be utilized in

A

waxes
cutin and suberin
sterols

Plant Physio FINALS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions