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chemical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the chemical test for hydrogen?

A

-collect a sample of gas in a test tube
-attempt to ignite the gas using a lit split
-squeaky pop sound

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2
Q

what chemical reaction is taking place during the hydrogen test?

A

the combustion of H2 to form H20

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3
Q

what is the pop sound caused by/

A

the hot gas rushing out of the test tube

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4
Q

what is the test for oxygen?

A

-collect a sample of gas in a test tube
-place a glowing splint into the tube
-the splint relights

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5
Q

what is the reaction taking place when testing for oxygen?

A

the combustion of the wood in the splint

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6
Q

why does the glowing splint relight?

A

pure 02 is more concentrated than the 02 in normal air- the wood in the splint combusts faster

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7
Q

what is the chemical test for the presence of H20?

A

-add water to anhydrous copper sulfate
changes from anhydrous white to hydrated blue

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8
Q

what is the test for the purity of H20?

A

measure its boiling point and compare it to 100 degrees celsius-if it is closer to 100 degrees celsius, it is more pure

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9
Q

what is the chemical test for carbon dioxide?

A

-bubble a sample of gas through limewater-turns cloudy

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10
Q

what is limewater?

A

saturated calcium hydroxide solution

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11
Q

what is the test for chlorine?

A

-place damp blue litmus paper in a sample of gas- it turns white (bleaches it)

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12
Q

what does the chlorine do in the experiment?

A

dissolves into the dampness (H20) and removes the colour from blue litmus

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13
Q

what is the test for ammonia?

A

-place damp red litmus paper in a sample of gas
-it turns blue

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14
Q

why does the ammonia conduct this reaction?

A

-the NH3 reacts with the dampness (H20) to form 0H- ions
-the NH3 acts as a base by accepting H+ ions from the H20
-the OH- ions are whats left after H20 has lost H+ and they are alkaline so the red litmus paper turns blue

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15
Q

are cations positive or negative?

A

positive

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16
Q

many metal cations cause what to change colour?

A

a non-luminous (blue) bunsen flame

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17
Q

how to conduct a flame test?

A

-dip a piece of nichrome into hydrochloric acid
-dip the wire into a sample of solid or solution
-place the tip of the wire into a non-luminous bunsen flame

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18
Q

lithium turns a blue flame what colour?

A

red

19
Q

sodium turns a blue flame what colour?

A

yellow

20
Q

potassium turns a blue flame what colour?

A

lilac

21
Q

what colour does calcium turn a blue flame?

A

orange-red

22
Q

what colour does copper turn a blue flame?

A

blue-green

23
Q

what do you use sodium hydroxide to test for?

A

copper, iron (II) and iron (III)

24
Q

what do we use to test for copper, iron 2+ and iron 3+

A

sodium hydroxide

25
Q

if copper, iron (II) or iron (III) is present, what will form?

A

a metal hydroxide precipitate

26
Q

how to conduct the NaOH test?

A

-dissolve the sample in water
-add a few drops of NaOH

27
Q

if the precipitate for NaOH turns blue, what metal cation is it?

A

Cu2+

28
Q

if the precipitate for NaOH turns green, what metal cation is it?

A

Fe2+

29
Q

if the precipitate for NaOH turns brown, what metal cation is it?

A

Fe3+

30
Q

how do we test for ammonium?

A

using sodium hydroxide

31
Q

how to conduct an ammonium test?

A

-dissolve the sample in water
-add some NaOH and warm it
test the gas with red litmus paper (the ammonium test)

32
Q

if NH4+ ions are present in the original sample, what colour will the litmus paper turn?

A

blue

33
Q

what do we use to test for halides?

A

the silver nitrate test

34
Q

what are the halide ions?

A

Cl-, Br- and I-

35
Q

how to conduct the halides test?

A

-dissolve the sample in water
-add nitric acid (HNO3)
-add silver nitrate solution (AgNO3)

36
Q

what happens in the halides test if Cl-, Br- or I- ions are present?

A

a precipitate forms with the Ag+ ions from the AgNO3

37
Q

if a white precipitate is formed in the halides test what halide ion was it?

A

Cl-

38
Q

if a cream precipitate is formed in the halides test what halide ion was it?

A

Br-

39
Q

if a yellow precipitate forms in the halides test, what halide was it?

A

I-

40
Q

what is the test for carbonates?

A

the gas turns the limewater cloudy

41
Q

how do you conduct an experiment to test for carbonates?

A

-add hydrochloric acid and look for effervescence
-if effervescence is present, bubble the gas through limewater
-if CO32- were present, the gas evolved turns the limewater cloudy

42
Q

what is the test for sulfates?

A

white precipitate will form

43
Q

how do you conduct an experiment for sulfates?

A

-add hydrochloric acid and look for effervescence
-if there is no effervescence, add barium chloride solution
-if SO42- ions are present, they will form a white precipitate with the Ba2+ ions from the BaCl2

chemistry (33 decks)

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