Chem pratical spring 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Making salts from Metal Carbonates

A

Use a measuring cylinder to measure 25cm cubed of HCl in a beaker to this add spatulas of MgCo3 until it is in excess this will be shown when effervescing no longer occurs filter the mixture into a conical flask to remove the excess metal carbonate take the filtrate and heat gently until you start to see crystals forming transfer the solution to an evaporating basin and leave to crystalize

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2
Q

Producing a soluble salt from a metal Oxide

A

1- Pour a 50cm cube of acid into a beaker.
2- Gently heat on a heating plate
3- Add a spatula of metal oxide at a time and stir until no more reacts with the acid.
4- Filter the mixture into a conical flask to remove the excess metal oxide.
5- Transfer the filtrate to an evaporating basin, heat on a hotplate until small crystals start to form around the edges and then leave to cool in a warm, dry place

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3
Q

Method to produce a pure dry insoluble salt

A

1-dissolve lead nitrate and potassium iodide in water
2-mix together
3-separate out the precipitate(lead iodide) using filtration
4- rinse with de-ionized water
5- leave filter paper to dry

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4
Q

What color does H2so4 turn universal indicator and methyl orange

A

pink

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5
Q

What color does HCl turn universal indicator

A

pinkish-red/

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6
Q

What color does HCl turn in methyl orange

A

orange pink

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7
Q

How do tell If base

A

name starts with metal, ends in hydroxide, oxide, or carbonate

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8
Q

How to tell if acid

A

name ends in acid and the formula has hydrogen at the start

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9
Q

Acids are always?

A

aqueous.

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10
Q

Salts are generally?

A

soluble in water.

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11
Q

Solutions are always?

A

aqueous.

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12
Q

The first 2 rules of solubility?

A

you only move past them if they are non-applicable.

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13
Q

The first 2 rules in solubility are?

A

1all compounds containing group one are soluble
2compounds containing nitrate are soluble

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14
Q

All halides are soluble unless?

A

contain silver or lead

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15
Q

All sulfates are soluble except

A

if they contain Calcium Barium or Lead

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16
Q

All Carbonates are ?

A

insoluble

17
Q

All hydroxides are? .

A

insoluble

18
Q

All oxides are? .

A

insoluble

19
Q

Precipitation reactions are?

A

a type of reaction where two solutions react to produce a solid(which is the precipitate) these reactions occur due to differences in solubility(they are not related to reactivity)

20
Q

Precipitation reactions make?

A

insoluble satls

21
Q

Flames Tests
Lithium

A

-brick red

22
Q

Sodium Flames Tests

A

-orange yellow

23
Q

Calcium- Flames Tests

A

Orange red

24
Q

Copper- Flames Tests

A

Blue green

25
Q

Potassium Flames Tests

A

-lilac

26
Q

Barium- Flames Tests

A

Light Green

27
Q

Fe 3+ in Naoh test

A

orange percipitate

28
Q

NH4 cation test

A

heated then tested with damp litmus paper

29
Q

Zn Naoh and NH3

A

white precipitate through all

30
Q

Cu 2+ percipitate cation test

A

blue

31
Q

Ca 2+ cation test

A

white percipitate in Naoh no percipitate in NH3

32
Q

Fe 2+ cation test

A

green percipitate

33
Q

Al in cation test

A

white percipitate in all execpt extra NaoH

34
Q

what color percipitate does Clorine make in halide tes t

A

white

35
Q

what color percipitate does bromide make in halide tes t

A

cream

36
Q

what color percipitate does iodide make in halide tes t

A

yellow

37
Q

how to find sulfate

A

1 add spatula of solid to test tube
2 dissolve the sample in water
3 add a few drops of HNO3
4 add a few drops of barium nitrate
5 if sulfate is present white precipitate will form

38
Q

how to test for nitrate ions

A

1 place sample in test tube
2 add aluminum powder and and few drops of sodium hydroxide
3 warm solution and test gas given off with damp red litmus paper
4 will turn blue if nitrate present