Chem pratical spring 1 Flashcards
Making salts from Metal Carbonates
Use a measuring cylinder to measure 25cm cubed of HCl in a beaker to this add spatulas of MgCo3 until it is in excess this will be shown when effervescing no longer occurs filter the mixture into a conical flask to remove the excess metal carbonate take the filtrate and heat gently until you start to see crystals forming transfer the solution to an evaporating basin and leave to crystalize
Producing a soluble salt from a metal Oxide
1- Pour a 50cm cube of acid into a beaker.
2- Gently heat on a heating plate
3- Add a spatula of metal oxide at a time and stir until no more reacts with the acid.
4- Filter the mixture into a conical flask to remove the excess metal oxide.
5- Transfer the filtrate to an evaporating basin, heat on a hotplate until small crystals start to form around the edges and then leave to cool in a warm, dry place
Method to produce a pure dry insoluble salt
1-dissolve lead nitrate and potassium iodide in water
2-mix together
3-separate out the precipitate(lead iodide) using filtration
4- rinse with de-ionized water
5- leave filter paper to dry
What color does H2so4 turn universal indicator and methyl orange
pink
What color does HCl turn universal indicator
pinkish-red/
What color does HCl turn in methyl orange
orange pink
How do tell If base
name starts with metal, ends in hydroxide, oxide, or carbonate
How to tell if acid
name ends in acid and the formula has hydrogen at the start
Acids are always?
aqueous.
Salts are generally?
soluble in water.
Solutions are always?
aqueous.
The first 2 rules of solubility?
you only move past them if they are non-applicable.
The first 2 rules in solubility are?
1all compounds containing group one are soluble
2compounds containing nitrate are soluble
All halides are soluble unless?
contain silver or lead
All sulfates are soluble except
if they contain Calcium Barium or Lead
All Carbonates are ?
insoluble
All hydroxides are? .
insoluble
All oxides are? .
insoluble
Precipitation reactions are?
a type of reaction where two solutions react to produce a solid(which is the precipitate) these reactions occur due to differences in solubility(they are not related to reactivity)
Precipitation reactions make?
insoluble satls
Flames Tests
Lithium
-brick red
Sodium Flames Tests
-orange yellow
Calcium- Flames Tests
Orange red
Copper- Flames Tests
Blue green
Potassium Flames Tests
-lilac
Barium- Flames Tests
Light Green
Fe 3+ in Naoh test
orange percipitate
NH4 cation test
heated then tested with damp litmus paper
Zn Naoh and NH3
white precipitate through all
Cu 2+ percipitate cation test
blue
Ca 2+ cation test
white percipitate in Naoh no percipitate in NH3
Fe 2+ cation test
green percipitate
Al in cation test
white percipitate in all execpt extra NaoH
what color percipitate does Clorine make in halide tes t
white
what color percipitate does bromide make in halide tes t
cream
what color percipitate does iodide make in halide tes t
yellow
how to find sulfate
1 add spatula of solid to test tube
2 dissolve the sample in water
3 add a few drops of HNO3
4 add a few drops of barium nitrate
5 if sulfate is present white precipitate will form
how to test for nitrate ions
1 place sample in test tube
2 add aluminum powder and and few drops of sodium hydroxide
3 warm solution and test gas given off with damp red litmus paper
4 will turn blue if nitrate present
