BIOLOGY chapter 1,6,7 Flashcards
movement
an action by a organism or part of a organism causing a change in postion or place
what are the seven things something needs to have to be considered living
movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity, Growth, respiration,excretion, and nutrition
resperation
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and realease energy for metabolism
sensitivity
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external enviorment
metabolism
the chemical reactions that take place in living organsims
common ancestor
a species that lived in the past, and is thought to have given rise to several different species that are alive today
species
a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
binomial system
a sytem of naming species that in which a name is made up of the genus and the species
genus
a group of species that share similar features and a common ancestor
what is the first name in the binomial system
the genus
what is the second name in the binomial system
the species
what is a kingdom
one of the major groups wich all organisms are classified
what are 2 key all of the animal kingdom does
1 Their cells have a nucleus, but not cell walls or chloroplast, 2 they feed organic substances made from other living organisms
name 3 things all of the plant kingdom has
1 their cells have a nucleus and cell walls made of cellulose and often contain chloroplasts, 2 they feed by photosynthesis, 3 they MAY have roots stems, and leaves(does not apply for all!!)
what is organic substance
something that contains carbon
what is a fungus
an organism whose cells have cell walls but don’t do photosynthesis
4 characteristics of fungi
1 mostly multicellular but some are unicellular,2 have nuclei and cell walls but the cell walls aren’t made of cellouse,3 they do not have chlorophyll,4 they feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into their cells
characteristic of the protoctists kingdom
1they are multicellular or unicellular,2 Their cells have a nucleus and may or may not have a cell wall and chloroplasts 3 some feed by photosynthesis and others feed on organic substances made by other organisms.
name 6 characteristics of the prokaryote kingdom
1they are usually unicelluar,2 they have no nucleus,3 they have cell walls not made of cellouse,4 they have no mitochondria,5 they have a circular loop of DNA wich is free in the cytoplasm,6 they often have plasmids
what kingdom does bacteria belong to
THe prokaroyte kingodm
name key charecteristic of fish
1 they have gills their entire life,2 they are scaly vertibrates, 3 their eggs have no shells and are laid in water
name charecteristics of amphibians
1the tadpoles live in water but adults often live on land,
2 the tadpoles have gills but the adults have lungs
2 characteristics of reptiles
1they are vertibrates with scaly skin,
2 they lay eggs with soft shells
name charecteristics of bird
1 lay eggs with hard shells
2 they have feathers
3they have wings
4they have a beak
name charecteristics of mamals
1 their young develop in a uterus attached with a placenta
2 femals prouduce milk
3 they have a ear flap
4they have sweat glands
5 they have a diafram
what is a arthropod
a animal with jointed legs but no backbone
name the 4 types of arthropods
crustancions, aracnids, myriapods and incects
why do plants need nitrogen
to make amino acids and then proteins
why do plants need magnesium
to make cholorphyll
what happens in the palisade mesophyll
most of the photosynthisis
what is the equation for photosynthis
6CO2+ 6H20= sunlight+chlorophyll=C6 H12 O6+6O2
what is a balanced diet
a diet that contains all of the required nutrients
what are carbohydrates needed for in humans
for energy
what are fats and oils needed for in humans
for energy and to make cell membranes. Also acts as insulator ,protects organs
what are proteins needed for in humans
needed for new cells
for insulin
antibodies
what is vitamin C needed for in humans
to make collagen which keeps tissues in good repair
what is vitamin D needed for in humans
helps calcium be absorbed (bones and teeth)
what diesase do you get if you dont have enough vitamin C
scurvy
what disease do you get if you do not have enough vitamin D
rickets
what do we need calcium for
for bones teeth and blood clotting
what do we need iron for
Haemoglobin the red pigment in blood that carries oxygen
what is fibre for
it keeps the alimentary canal working
what do we need water for
liquid part of blood,need for getting rid of waste, for cytoplasim
what does the liver do?
produces bile and regulation of blood glucose concentration
what does the pancreas do?
secretes pancreatic juice also insulin wich help control blood glucose concentration
what are the 4 steps of the digestive system
Ingestion, Digestion,Assimilation, Egestion
what are the sphincter muscles
rings of muscle that can contract to close a tube
what are goblet cells
cell found in the lining of respiratory passages that secrete mucus
what is colon
firtst part of large instinte
trachea
the tube through wich air travels to the lungs
lumen
the space in the center of a tube
duodenum
first part small intestine,pancreatic duct and bile duct empty fluid
small intestine
long narrow part of alimentary canal
pancreatic duct
the tube that carries pancreatic fluid from the pancreas to the duodenum
rectum
second part of large intestine were feces are produces
bile
alkaline fluid helps with fat digestion
gall bladder
a small organ that stores bile
what do enzymes end in
-ase
