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IGCSE STUDYING > BIOLOGY chapter 1,6,7 > Flashcards

BIOLOGY chapter 1,6,7 Flashcards

1
Q

movement

A

an action by a organism or part of a organism causing a change in postion or place

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2
Q

what are the seven things something needs to have to be considered living

A

movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity, Growth, respiration,excretion, and nutrition

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3
Q

resperation

A

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and realease energy for metabolism

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4
Q

sensitivity

A

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external enviorment

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5
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical reactions that take place in living organsims

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6
Q

common ancestor

A

a species that lived in the past, and is thought to have given rise to several different species that are alive today

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7
Q

species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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8
Q

binomial system

A

a sytem of naming species that in which a name is made up of the genus and the species

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9
Q

genus

A

a group of species that share similar features and a common ancestor

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10
Q

what is the first name in the binomial system

A

the genus

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11
Q

what is the second name in the binomial system

A

the species

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12
Q

what is a kingdom

A

one of the major groups wich all organisms are classified

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13
Q

what are 2 key all of the animal kingdom does

A

1 Their cells have a nucleus, but not cell walls or chloroplast, 2 they feed organic substances made from other living organisms

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14
Q

name 3 things all of the plant kingdom has

A

1 their cells have a nucleus and cell walls made of cellulose and often contain chloroplasts, 2 they feed by photosynthesis, 3 they MAY have roots stems, and leaves(does not apply for all!!)

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15
Q

what is organic substance

A

something that contains carbon

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16
Q

what is a fungus

A

an organism whose cells have cell walls but don’t do photosynthesis

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17
Q

4 characteristics of fungi

A

1 mostly multicellular but some are unicellular,2 have nuclei and cell walls but the cell walls aren’t made of cellouse,3 they do not have chlorophyll,4 they feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into their cells

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18
Q

characteristic of the protoctists kingdom

A

1they are multicellular or unicellular,2 Their cells have a nucleus and may or may not have a cell wall and chloroplasts 3 some feed by photosynthesis and others feed on organic substances made by other organisms.

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19
Q

name 6 characteristics of the prokaryote kingdom

A

1they are usually unicelluar,2 they have no nucleus,3 they have cell walls not made of cellouse,4 they have no mitochondria,5 they have a circular loop of DNA wich is free in the cytoplasm,6 they often have plasmids

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20
Q

what kingdom does bacteria belong to

A

THe prokaroyte kingodm

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21
Q

name key charecteristic of fish

A

1 they have gills their entire life,2 they are scaly vertibrates, 3 their eggs have no shells and are laid in water

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22
Q

name charecteristics of amphibians

A

1the tadpoles live in water but adults often live on land,
2 the tadpoles have gills but the adults have lungs

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23
Q

2 characteristics of reptiles

A

1they are vertibrates with scaly skin,
2 they lay eggs with soft shells

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24
Q

name charecteristics of bird

A

1 lay eggs with hard shells
2 they have feathers
3they have wings
4they have a beak

25
Q

name charecteristics of mamals

A

1 their young develop in a uterus attached with a placenta
2 femals prouduce milk
3 they have a ear flap
4they have sweat glands
5 they have a diafram

26
Q

what is a arthropod

A

a animal with jointed legs but no backbone

27
Q

name the 4 types of arthropods

A

crustancions, aracnids, myriapods and incects

28
Q

why do plants need nitrogen

A

to make amino acids and then proteins

29
Q

why do plants need magnesium

A

to make cholorphyll

30
Q

what happens in the palisade mesophyll

A

most of the photosynthisis

31
Q

what is the equation for photosynthis

A

6CO2+ 6H20= sunlight+chlorophyll=C6 H12 O6+6O2

32
Q

what is a balanced diet

A

a diet that contains all of the required nutrients

33
Q

what are carbohydrates needed for in humans

A

for energy

34
Q

what are fats and oils needed for in humans

A

for energy and to make cell membranes. Also acts as insulator ,protects organs

35
Q

what are proteins needed for in humans

A

needed for new cells
for insulin
antibodies

36
Q

what is vitamin C needed for in humans

A

to make collagen which keeps tissues in good repair

37
Q

what is vitamin D needed for in humans

A

helps calcium be absorbed (bones and teeth)

38
Q

what diesase do you get if you dont have enough vitamin C

A

scurvy

39
Q

what disease do you get if you do not have enough vitamin D

A

rickets

40
Q

what do we need calcium for

A

for bones teeth and blood clotting

41
Q

what do we need iron for

A

Haemoglobin the red pigment in blood that carries oxygen

42
Q

what is fibre for

A

it keeps the alimentary canal working

43
Q

what do we need water for

A

liquid part of blood,need for getting rid of waste, for cytoplasim

44
Q

what does the liver do?

A

produces bile and regulation of blood glucose concentration

45
Q

what does the pancreas do?

A

secretes pancreatic juice also insulin wich help control blood glucose concentration

46
Q

what are the 4 steps of the digestive system

A

Ingestion, Digestion,Assimilation, Egestion

47
Q

what are the sphincter muscles

A

rings of muscle that can contract to close a tube

48
Q

what are goblet cells

A

cell found in the lining of respiratory passages that secrete mucus

49
Q

what is colon

A

firtst part of large instinte

50
Q

trachea

A

the tube through wich air travels to the lungs

51
Q

lumen

A

the space in the center of a tube

52
Q

duodenum

A

first part small intestine,pancreatic duct and bile duct empty fluid

53
Q

small intestine

A

long narrow part of alimentary canal

54
Q

pancreatic duct

A

the tube that carries pancreatic fluid from the pancreas to the duodenum

55
Q

rectum

A

second part of large intestine were feces are produces

56
Q

bile

A

alkaline fluid helps with fat digestion

57
Q

gall bladder

A

a small organ that stores bile

58
Q

what do enzymes end in

A

-ase

IGCSE STUDYING (27 decks)

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