Chem in Everyday Life Flashcards
Diff between detergents and soap?
detergents make foam in hard water as well
How are anionic detergents made?
Alkyl hydrogensulphates formed by treating long chain alcohols with concentrated sulphuric acid are neutralised with alkali to form anionic detergents.
No. of C in lauryl sulphate
12
Anionic detergents are also used in
toothpastes.
Cationic detergents are quarternary
ammonium salts of amines with ___________
as anions
acetates, chlorides or bromides
_____________ is a popular cationic detergent and is used in hair conditioners
Cationic detergents have __________ properties
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
(16C)
germicidal
Example of non ionic detergent:
usage: ?
One such detergent is formed when stearic
acid reacts with polyethyleneglycol
dishwashing liquid
Problem with highly branched detergent?
bacteria cannot degrade it easily
Laundry soaps contain
fillers like __________________
sodium rosinate, sodium silicate, borax and sodium carbonate.
Saccharin was discovered in ______. It is also called _____________. It is ______ times sweeter than sugar.
1879
Ortho-sulphobenzimide
550
Aspartame is _____ times sweeter than sugar
100
It is methyl ester of dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine
Sweetest sweetener? how much?
Alitame
2000 times sweeter
Sucralose is ____ time sweeter
600
Sucralose is trichloro derivative of sucrose.
Food preservative examples
sodium benzoate
Salts of sorbic acid and propanoic acid
_____________________ are useful
antioxidants for wine and beer, sugar syrups and cut, peeled or dried
fruits and vegetables
Sulphur dioxide and sulphite
Progesterone derivative?
Synthetic estrogen derivative?
Norethindrone
ethynylestradiol (novestrol)
When did Paul Elhrich win Nobel Prize for salvarsan
1908
arsphenamine
Bacteria causing syphilis?
spirochete
Ehlrich discovered protonsil in?
1932
When was penicillin discovered
1927
In India, penicillin is manufactured at the
Hindustan Antibiotics in Pimpr
_______________________- is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and hence can
be given orally in case of typhoid, dysentery, acute fever, certain form of urinary infections, meningitis and pneumonia.
Chloramphenicol
The antibiotic _________ is supposed to be toxic towards certain
strains of cancer cells.
dysidazirine
_____________ in alcoholwater mixture is known as
tincture of iodine.
2-3% iodine
0.2 per cent solution of phenol is an antiseptic while its one
percent solution is disinfectant.
Chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 ppm in aqueous solution
and sulphur dioxide in very low concentrations, are disinfectants.
Aspirin inhibits the synthesis
of chemicals known as
prostaglandins
Largest selling drug until ranitidine (Zantac) was found?
Tegamet
Histamine contracts
the smooth muscles in the _________________ and relaxes other muscles,
such as those in the _______________.
bronchi and gut
walls of fine blood vessels
