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Summer 24 > Chem Chap 1 > Flashcards

Chem Chap 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Equation to convert C to F

A

F= 1.8 C + 32

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2
Q

Equation to convert C to K

A

K= C + 273.15

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3
Q

When powers are multiplied, the exponents are ____?

A

Added

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4
Q

When powers are divided, the exponents are _____?

A

Subtracted

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5
Q

What is Scientific Notation?

A
  • uses exponents (power of 10) for handling very large or very small numbers
  • in scientific notation only 1 digit is to the left of the decimal place
  • the order of “magnitude” is expressed as a power of 10
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6
Q

Express the following in scientific notation
11,000,000

A

1.1x10^7

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7
Q

Express the following in scientific notation
0.0000000045

A

4.5x10^-9

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8
Q

what temperature does water boil for Fahrenheit and for Celsius?

A
  • Fahrenheit = 212
  • Celsius = 100
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9
Q

What temperature does water freeze for Fahrenheit and for Celsius?

A
  • Fahrenheit = 32
  • Celsius = 0
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10
Q

What is Charles Law?

A
  • Volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature (when pressure is constant)
  • Volume/temperature= pressure
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11
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A
  • Volume and pressure are inversely proportional when temperature is constant
  • Pressure/ Volume= temperature
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12
Q

What are physical properties?

A
  • property can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance
  • occurs without producing a new chemical substance
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13
Q

All measurement have what ?

A

an inherent error of uncertainty

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14
Q

What are significant figure and what are the rules?

A
  • digit in a measurement that has a physical meaning an can be reproducibly determined
  • all nonzero digits in a number are significant
  • all zeros between nonzero numbers are significant
  • zeros at the end of a number to the right of a decimal point are significant
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15
Q

What is precision?

A
  • consistency and reproducibility of a test (reliability)
  • absence of random variations
  • random error reduces precision in a test
  • can be quantified by standard deviation
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16
Q

What is accuracy?

A
  • trueness of test measurements (validity)
  • absence os systematic error or bias in a test
    -systematic error reduces accuracy in a test
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17
Q

What is absolute zero?

A
  • coldest possible temperature
  • cannot be reached
  • Kelvin begins at absolute zero
    • 0K = absolute zero= -273.15 C
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18
Q

how do you calculate Density ?

A
  • mass/volume
  • most common unit g/ml
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19
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1.0g/ml

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20
Q

What is the density of mercury ?

A

13.6 g/ml

21
Q

What is specific gravity and how do you calculate it?

A
  • the ratio between a objects density and the density of water (dimensionless and does not depend on the units)
  • density of object/density of water
  • only equals density when units of measure are grams/ml because the density of water is 1g/ml
22
Q

Significance of low specific gravity

A
  • indicates dilute urine, which may be caused by
  • DI (low as 1.001)
  • Drinking excess liquids
  • pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis
  • diuretics
23
Q

Significant of High specific gravity

A
  • indicates very concentrated urine
  • dehydration
  • diabetes mellitus
  • Adrenal insufficiency
  • toxemia of pregnancy (protein in urine)
24
Q

Tetra

A
  • T
  • 10^12
25
Q

Giga

A
  • G
  • 10^9
26
Q

Mega

A
  • M
  • 10^6
27
Q

Kilo

A
  • k
  • 10^3
28
Q

Hecto

A
  • h
  • 10^2
29
Q

Deca

A
  • da
  • 10^1
30
Q

Deci

A
  • d
  • 10^ -1
31
Q

Centi

A
  • c
  • 10^ -2
32
Q

Milli

A
  • m
  • 10^ -3
33
Q

Micro

A
  • μ
  • 10^ - 6
34
Q

Nano

A
  • n
  • 10^ - 9
35
Q

Pico

A
  • 10^ - 12
36
Q

1 inch= ___ cm?

A

2.54 cm

37
Q

1 lb = ____ kg?

A

0.454 kg

38
Q

1 kg = ____ lb?

A

2.2046 lb

39
Q

1 mile = ____ km

A

1.609 km

40
Q

1 mile = ____ ft

A

5280 ft

41
Q

1lb = ____ oz

A

16 oz

42
Q

1 oz = ___ g

A

28.35 g

43
Q

1L = _____ dm3 (decimeter)

A

1 dm3 (decimeter)

44
Q

1 gal= _____ L

A

3.79 L

45
Q

1 ml =_____ cm3

A

1 cm3

46
Q

1 cc= _____ cm3

A

1 cm3

47
Q

How do you diagnose osteoporosis?

A

Bone density test

48
Q

What is the normal specific gravity of urine?

A

1.005 to 1.030

49
Q

1cm = ____in

A

0.4in

Summer 24 (17 decks)

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