Anatomy Lecture 3 Flashcards
What makes up the cubital fossa?
- brachial artery
- biceps tendon
- median nerve
- radial nerve
- median cubital vein
- medial and lateral cutaneous nerves
Boundaries of cubital fossa?
- superiorly: imaginary line connecting medial and lateral eipcondyles
- medially: pronator teres
- laterally: brachioradialis
- floor: brachial and supinator
- roof: cubital fascia and skin
muscles that move the wrist reside in the ___
forearm
muscles that move the fingers resides in ____or the ____
- forearm
- hand
Flexors tend to originate at the ____ of the humerus
Medial epicondyle
Extensors tend to originate at the ____ of the humerus
Lateral Epicondyle
where do deep flexors originate?
- forearm
- they are shorter
Radius and the ulna are joined by what?
Interosseous membrane
Flexors are supplied by what nerve?
- median
- ulnar (flexor carpi Ulnaris)
Extensors are supplied by what nerve?
Radial
What is the role of the flexor and extensor retinaculum do?
Hold the tendons together like a wrist band
Muscles of the Superficial flexor region
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
Muscles of the Intermediate flexor region
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Muscles of the deep flexor region
- Flexor digitorm profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
Pronator Teres
Proximal attachment: coronoid process of the ulna
Distal attachment: lateral surface of radius
Innervation: median nerve
Action: pronates forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Proximal attachment: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Distal attachment: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: flexion and abduction of hand
Palmaris longus
Proximal attachment: medial epicondyle
Distal attachment: palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: median nerve
Action: hand flexion and tenses palmer aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Proximal attachment: olecranon process
Distal attachement: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Innervation: ulnar nerve
action: adduction and flexion of hand at wrist
Flexor digitorum
Proximal attachment: medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna and anterior radius
Distal attachment: middle phalanges of middle four fingers (2-5)
Innervation: median nerve
Action: flexion of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of fingers (2-5)
Flexor digitorum profundus
proximal attachment: ulan and interosseous membrane (IM)
distal attachment: base of distal phalanges of fingers (2-5)
Innervation: lateral part of finger 2,3 by median nerve. medial part finger 4,5 by ulnar nerve. (median lies between FDS and FDP)
Action: flexion of distal inter-phalangeal (DIP) joints of fingers 2-5
Flexor Pollic(K)is longus
proximal attachment: radius and interosseous membrane
distal attachment: base of distal phalanx of thumb
innervation: anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
action: thumb flexion
Pronator quadratus
proximal attachment: distal ulna
distal attachement: distal radius
enervation: anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
action: pronate forearm
muscles in the Superficial layer of extensor region
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
muscles in the Deep layer of extensor region
- supinator
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- adbuctor pollicis longus
- extensor indicis
Brachioradialis
Proximal attachment: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Distal attachment: styloid process of ulna
Innervation: radial
Action: weak flexion of elbow joint
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Proximal attachment: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (longus) and lateral epicondyle (Brevis)
Distal attachment: base of 2nd (longus) and 3rd (brevis) metacarpal
Innervation: radial
Action: extend and abduct wrist joint
Extensor Digitorum
Proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal attachment: extensor expansion of the medial 4 fingers (2-5)
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
Action: extends 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers
Extensor digiti minimi
Proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle (common belly with extensor digitorum)
Distal attachment: extensor expansion of 5th finger (pinky)
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
Action: extends wrist joint, extends 5th fingers
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal attachment: base of 5th metacarpal
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
Action: extends and adducts hand
Supinator
- short shiny muscle with diagonally running fibers
Proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal attachment: proximal radius
Innervation: radial
Action: supinates forearm
Silvery shine.
Extensor pollic(K)is longus
Proximal attachment: ulna, IM
Distal attachment: base of distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
Action: extends distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor pollic(K)is brevis
Proximal attachment: distal radius, IM
Distal attachment: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
Action: extends proximal phalanx of thumbs
Abductor pollic(K)is longus
Proximal attachment: ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
Distal attachment: base of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
Action: abduct thumb
Brevis sandwich “between two longus”
Extensor indic(K)is
Proximal attachment: distal ulna, interosseous membrane
Distal attachment: extensor expansion of 2nd membrane
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
Action: extends 2nd finger
Median nerve
- major nerve of anterior forearm
- lies medial to brachial artery in cubital fossa
- travers carpal tunnel
- major branch: Anterior interosseous nerve
Ulnar nerve
- passes posterior to medial epicondyle
- cutaneous branch to media side of hand
What are the major branches of the radial nerve?
- posterior
- medial
- lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
What are the superficial and deep branches of the radial nerve?
- posterior interosseous nerve
What is the major branch of the median nerve?
anterior interosseous nerve
MCV (superficial vein)
medial cubical vein.
can be damaged by multiple attempts of of blood draw.
All flexors are supplied by what nerve except for
flexor carpi ulnaris
by the ulnar nerve
How do you find the muscle ?
check from the tendons. this applies to mostly all except for the thumb
Important landmark for catheterization?
Anatomical snuff box
Extensor supplying
radial nerve
Tennis elbow
Lateral epicondylitis. too much flexion
Mallet finger
common with basketball/baseball
Carpal tunnel
median nerve is compress at the wrist, resulting in numbness or pain
