Charles's policy in Ireland and Scotland Flashcards
how did Charles upset the Catholic majority?
-Land was taken from its original holders if they could not prove a valid title to it and it was given to Protestant settlers.
-Charles used the Irish for money for his wars in the 1620’s by promising to make concessions known as ‘the Graces’, which confirmed their right to hold land.
-graces were not confirmed and their implementation became a major objective of the Catholics.
when was Wentworth appointed Lord deputy of Ireland?
-1632.
what did Wentworth do in Ireland?
-Ireland was a financial liability with an annual deficit of 20,000.
-skilfully exploited the divisions in Irish society to gain more money and in 1634 promised to implement the graces in return for additional subsidies from Parliament, then he broke his word and formed an alliance with the Protestant ‘new English’.
what was Wentworth’s impact on Ireland?
-ended the deficit and Ireland began to contribute to the English treasury.
-extended power of the prerogative courts and claimed royal title to huge tracts of land
-large fines on those who opposed his measures.
-administration of customs was made more efficient and smuggling was attacked.
what happened as a result of Wentworth in Ireland?
-alienated every section of society
-within 2 years of him leaving in 1639, royal authority had collapsed as rebellion swept the country.
what was Charles first act which impacted Scotland?
-1625
-revoke all grants of land made by the Crown since 1540, which effected every family of substance made the Scottish nobility felt alienated from the Crown.
why did Charles impose the book of Common Prayer?
-religion not uniform enough.
what was the Scottish Prayer Book?
-Scottish Bishops drew it up based on the English version but made changes to make it acceptable to the Scots for example the word Priest was deleted.
what else did Charles change religiously in Scotland?
-Cannons of uniformity which stipulated east-end alter tables, kneeling and the practice of confession which caused much offense.
-no consultation and the cannons were enforced by royal decree.
what did Charles do wrong after the implementation of the Scottish Prayer Book?
-ignored warnings from Scottish ministers and believed that firmness would end the problem.
-Feb 1638 issued a proclamation making protests against the new book an act of treason.
-after the Scottish Covenant sent Marquess of Hamilton to calm the Scots but he had no intention of compromise or backing down.
-this led to Bishops war and the recalling of Parliament.
why did Charles have to recall Parliament?
-had insufficient funds to fight the Scots.
what were the events leading to the first Bishop’s war?
-agreed to meet with a Scottish general assembly to meet in November where episcopacy was abolished and this alarmed Charles.
- didn’t call a Parliament and instead summoned the Lords to meet him at York in April 1639, led to an army so poor that they could not fight the Scots.
-eventually an agreement was met between the two sides and reached an agreement called the Treaty of Berwick in June 1639?
events of the second Bishops war?
-1640
-August Scots invaded Northumberland and there wasn’t a royal army capable of defeating them.
-Charles had to agree to a truce at Ripon in Yorkshire in Oct.
outcome of the second Bishops war?
-Scots were allowed to occupy Northumberland and county Durham and were paid a subsidy of £850 per day until peace could be made, meaning Charles had to summon Parliament to get funds.
