James's Foreign policy Flashcards
what and when was peace with Spain?
1604- agreed in the treaty of London, gave english merchants right to trade in Spain
- James’s motive was to create peace incase pope joins France and Spain in war
- success because it produced a balance of trade + English merchants got a better deal
- negative because it upset parliament.
what and when was the Palatine marriage?
1613- James arranged the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth to the Elector Palatine, Frederick, an important German Protestant Prince
-motives, will be popular with parliament, good close link with a Protestant ruler.
-success, a popular marriage in England and Germany.
-negative, it did leave England open to involvement in EU conflict
The Spanish Marriage.
James initially hoped to marry the oldest son Henry to the ‘infanta’ of spain, after his death, he attempted to marry Charles to the Spanish Princess
- was motivated by , vital balance for the Protestant marriage.
- from 1618 he hoped a Spanish marriage would both keep England out of the war in Europe and help persuade the hamburgs to persuade the habsburgs to return frednices- negatives, negotiations dragged on 1619
30 year war.
1618- 1648 a dreadful war in Europe started by the war in Bohemia, essentially Catholic vs Protestant (except for France.)
- most of the fighting took place in the lands of the HRE
- motives, James’s over riding aim was to keep England out hence the spanish marriage, involvement of eliz + husband meant james was under pressure to help Protestant
- unsuccessful bc james reluctance to send troops to help son in law regain lands was unpopular in England led to james and parliament falling out badly.
what happened with 1621 Parliament?
-invited them to discuss foreign policy
-disagreed over Netherlands and Spain.
-Parliament wanted alliance with Dutch and a naval war against Spain.
-James wanted to use Parliament to push Spain into concessions but if this failed he was willing to mount an expedition to try and win back the Palatinate in alliance with the Dutch and German Princes.
-he did not want to break ties with Spain as he wanted a marriage for his Son.
what was the outcome of the 1621 Parliament?
-after having invited the commons to discuss foreign policy, he then made the mistake of not telling them his true intentions.
-this meant that the commons were left uncertain about his real intentions and urged him to aid Protestants in foreign parts and wanted all negoiations with Spain to be ended.
-James dissolved Parliament and this marks the start of parliaments dislike of foreign policy in his reign
What was the trip to Madrid?
Feb 1623 Buckingham and Charles went to Spain to visit the infanta.
He wasn’t allowed to see her and Charles effectively because, he became a prisoner and Spain didn’t soften negotiations
Were humiliated and when returned home didnt think of marriage instead a war.
When and what was the French marriage alliance?
-Henrietta Maria married prince Charles.
-her and her children would be allowed to practice their religion freely and have a Chapel in London.
-children would be educated as Catholics until 13
-Catholics were granted toleration
What was the Mansfeld expedition?
-against the spanish
last minute Louis refused to send any troops or allow the across France
-led by Count Mansfeld in Jan 1625 but met with disaster.
-troops poorly equipped and Dutch countryside was stripped bare.
- many died of disease or deserted
How did James support protestant allies?
1624 financed 6000 English troops for 2 years to fight Netherlands war of independence
In Feb 1625 paid for another 7000 troops
