Charles's Parliaments Flashcards
what happened in the Parliament of 1625?
-anxious to demonstrate loyalty to Charles and granted him two subsidies of about 140,000, but was inadequate.
-Commons couldn’t vote tonnage and poundage as only a quarter of MPs were present due to the plague and decided that a temporary grant of only one year would be given to give time for a full discussion of reform including impositions.
-Charles continued to collect custom duties without Parliamentary sanction on a plea of necessity.
-Charles was adjourned but asked to reassemble in Oxford 3 weeks later and Charles asked for discussion on finance but Parliament turned to Buckingham who they blamed for mishandling the King’s affairs, Charles saw this as an attack on his authority.
what made Charles angry in the Parliament of 1625?
-deeply offended by Parliament only granting him one year of tonnage and poundage.
how did Parliament anger Charles in the Parliament of 1625 when it was reassembled?
-they turned their attention on Buckingham who they blamed for the mishandling of the Kings affairs
-the King saw this as an attack on his authority.
what was the outcome of the 1626 Parliament?
-commons discussed subsidies but did not pass them
-the York house conference with the failure of the expedition to Cadiz led to criticism of crown policy.
-scapegoated Buckingham and put forward articles of impeachment
why did Charles end the 1626 Parliament?
-to avert the threat against Buckingham.
-put his loyalty to Buckingham above good relations with Parliament
what was the forced loan?
-1626 loan on all subsidy payers worth 5 subsidies.
-was in effect parliamentary taxation that had not been agreed by parliament.
-all subsidy payers were summoned to a meeting where they were pressed to individually pay
-by the end of 1627 over 260,000 had been raised
what did parliament think of the forced loan?
-attacking the fundamental right that taxation had to be agreed by parliament.
-risk that all other liberties were at risk.
-fears of absolutism.
what happened to those who didnt pay the forced loan?
-26 people including prominent MPs like Thomas Wentworth were imprisoned for not paying.
what was the 5 knights case?
-5 knights challenged the forced loan on the basis on habeas corpus
-council stated that they were imprisoned by special command of our lord the king.
what happened in the first session of the Parliament of 1628?
-commons offered 5 subsidies
what was the petition of right?
-1628
-having demonstrated their loyalty by their subsidies the commons wanted to safeguard their liberties so presented a petition with the lords.
-it also asked for an end to non-parliamentary taxation, imprisonment without cause, billeting and martial law.
how did Charles react to the petition of right?
-viewed it with deep disfavour as he wanted expressions of absolute trust and loyalty not restriction on his freedom of action.
-he believed that the commons brought the forced loan on themselves by their actions in refusing him money.
what was the commons remonstrance?
-June 1628
-drew up a remonstrance identifying the threats that faced them which were:
- innovations in religion, innovation in government and the judgement of God on the government which had turned away from the true light of Protestantism and towards the false lure of Rome as shown by failures in foreign policy.
what happened in the second of the 1628 parliament in 1629?
-started in Jan
-Charles made concessions over religion: recusancy laws were in place again and Abbot was readmitted to the privy council.
-when Charles tried to adjourn the Parliament as it became obvious that the commons were not going to grant any customs without major concessions by the court, two MPs held down the speaker while Sir john Elliot read out three resolutions which condemned anyone who:
-promoted innovation in religion, popery or Arminianism.
-counselled the collection of tonnage and poundage without parliamentary consent
-voluntarily paid the duties.
what were the resolutions spoke by Elliot?
Arminianism.
-counselled the collection of tonnage and poundage without parliamentary consent
-voluntarily paid the duties.
what happened in the short parliament?
-1640
-Parliament believed there were matters more pressing that the campaign against the Scots like: ship money, religious changes and the activities of the prerogative courts.
-commons were not prepared to make any new grant of money until the question of ship money was settled.
what were the aims at first of the Long Parliament of 1640?
-degree of consensus over what Parliament needed to do, dismantle the financial and religious innovations of the 1630’s and punish those deemed responsible.
what were the immediate actions of the Long Parliament?
-Stafford and Laud were imprisoned
-ship money judges were impeached
-two subsidies were voted in Dec to cover the immediate needs of the Scots.
-Parliament was dominated by the Junto.
why was Strafford hated by Parliament?
-associated most closely with the attempt to rule without Parliament and feared because as Lord deputy of Ireland he had a large army at his disposal.
how did they put Strafford on trial and why did it fail?
-together his actions amounted to constructive treason which threatened to make a division between the King and his people, a loose definition of treason as he couldn’t directly be tried for treason.
-held in large westminister hall 1000 public watching.
-he defended himself with skill and enabled him to attack his accusers and allowed many of the Lords to believe that flimsy nature of evidence against him that he wasn’t guilty.
what did MPs do after they realised that Strafford might not be convicted?
-moved to have him attained, where the guilt was merely declared, by giving his consent the King was killing Strafford.
-Act of Attainder had 200 in favour with 59 against, army plot created fears that Charles was preparing to attack Parliament.
-the presence of a large angry mob outside whitehall, Henrietta Maria’s pleas and strafford advising that he sign the bill led to him signing it.
when was Strafford executed?
-May 12 1640
-in front of 200,000 people
what was the Triennial Act?
-1641
-first measure to dismantle prerogative government
-insisted there should be a Parliament every three years and laid down a mechanism for using the sheriffs should the King fail to do so.
why did Charles pass the Triennial Act and what did he think about it?
-highly offensive to him, at first protested he wouldn’t sign it.
-financial pressure forced him to pass the bill
