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Biology > Chapters 9 and 10 > Flashcards

Chapters 9 and 10 Flashcards

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0
Q

When did Carolus Linnaeus do his work?

A

Mid 1700s

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1
Q
  1. What is the branch of biology dealing with the classification of organisms into groups is called?
A

Taxonomy

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2
Q

Which kingdom has heterotrophic members only with tissues and organs?

A

Animalia

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3
Q

Which kingdom include protozoans?

A

Protista

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4
Q
  1. Which kingdom contain organisms that have tissues and organs and carry on photosynthesis?
A

Plantae

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5
Q

Which kingdom contain molds?

A

Fungi

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6
Q

Which kingdom contains insects?

A

Animalia

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7
Q

Which kingdom contains trees and ferns?

A

Plantae

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8
Q

Small organisms that lack organized nuclei are placed by most modern classifications into which kingdom?

A

Eubacteria

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9
Q
  1. What criteria should be used in a biological key?
A

Accuracy of key, person, generality/typicalness of specimen

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10
Q

What must you do to classify an organism?

A

Identify characteristics physical characteristics and assign them to a particular group according to precedent. Assign to group

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11
Q

What are biological keys used for?

A

Classifying and identifying organisms

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12
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

The two Latin names used to identify an organism, by Carolus Linneaus

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13
Q

What does the scientific name of an organism identify?

A

Its genus and species

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14
Q
  1. What’s the difference between a dog species and a dog variety?
A

Varieties are within a species, and are the different kinds within the species, species bigger, variety specific

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15
Q

How do you correctly write the genus-species name?

A

Uppercase genus lowercase species

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16
Q

As a general rule, what are the organisms called that are similar in structure, can mate, and can produce fertile offspring?

A

Same species

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17
Q

A dog that lives in the house all year has a thinner coat in the winter than a dog that lives outside. What is this an example of?

A

Adaptation

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18
Q

When do organisms migrate?

A

When they move

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19
Q
  1. How does an organism adapt to its environment?
A

Changes in behavior

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20
Q

Correctly use a biological key to identify organisms.

A

Ok

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21
Q

What is bacteria used to make commercially?

A

Insulin, pickes, cheese, leather, suarkraut

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22
Q

How do certain bacillus and spirillum bacteria move?

A

Flagellum

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23
Q

What is the thickened slime layer that some bacteria have called?

A

capsule

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24
Q
  1. Which cellular organelles are absent in bacteria?
A

Nucleus, mitochondria, all membrane bound organelles

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25
Q

What are mesosomes?

A

Indentation of bacterial membrane

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26
Q

How do most bacteria reproduce?

A

Cell division

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27
Q

When conditions are not right for growth, what might bacteria do?

A

Decrease in metabolic activity

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28
Q

When conditions become unfavorable for life, what do some bacteria form?

A

endospores

29
Q
  1. Organisms that are capable of making their own food are known as what?
A

Autotrophic

30
Q

Give examples of autotrophic bacteria.

A

Photosynthetic, chemosythetic

31
Q

Organisms that depend upon living things for food are called what?

A

Heterotrophic

32
Q

What is the heating process that kills bacteria in milk?

A

Pastuerization

33
Q

Most food spoilage results from the action of what organisms?

A

Bacteria

34
Q
  1. What is the natural genetic transfer in bacteria called?
A

Conjugation

35
Q

Bacteria that use nonliving organic matter for food are called?

A

Saroprophytes

36
Q

Bacteria that cannot exist as saprophytes are called what?

A

Oblitigate parasites

37
Q

Microscopic cellular organisms that can live only inside a living cell are called what?

A

Intracellural, ricotejious

38
Q

What are bacteria that grow best in oxygen but also grow without oxygen?

A

Facultative anaerobes

39
Q
  1. What group of organisms have characteristics similar to bacteria called?
A

Micoplasm

40
Q

What is essential for bacterial growth?

A

Moisture and pH, nutrition,temperature

41
Q

Who developed the smallpox vaccine?

A

Edward Jenner

42
Q

Which microorganisms are the smallest?

A

Viruses

43
Q

What forms a simple virus?

A

Protein coat

44
Q
  1. What do simple viruses contain?
A

Core of either DNA or RNA, and a protein covering called a capsid, nucleic acids

45
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

By attaching to a cell, entering it, using the cells stuff to reproduce and multiply and then exiting the cell by destroying it and having it release many more

46
Q

Viruses destroy the cell they invade in a cycle known as the what?

A

Lytic or lysogenic cycle

47
Q

When a virus uses the chemical machinery of a cell, what does the virus act like?

A

Genes

48
Q

Viruses that do not cause lysis but do cause the cell to make and release virus particles are called what?

A

Persistent infection virus

49
Q
  1. Viruses which do not immediately kill a cell but do change the cell’s genetic make-up and alter the cell’s characteristics are called
A

Transforming viruses

50
Q

What is the protein substance that defends cells of the host against viruses?

A

Interferon

51
Q

What are the poisonous protein substances that diffuse out of living pathogenic bacteria called?

A

Exotoxins

52
Q

What is the time between contacting a disease and the appearance of the first symptoms called?

A

Incubation period

53
Q

The redness, rise in temperature, and pain caused by the toxins of a pathogen are known as what?

A

Inflammation

54
Q
  1. Water contamination is a common means of spreading which diseases?
A

Intestinal infections

55
Q

What is an immune carrier?

A

A seemingly healthy individual have the pathogens in them but are not affected by them but can spread them to others

56
Q

What are the structural defenses against diseases?

A

Skin, mucous membranes, eyelids, tear glands

57
Q

Name the cells that isolate pathogens and then engulf and digest them with enzymes.

A

Phagocytes

58
Q

What are some types of disorders listed in the text?

A

Hemophilia, deficiency diseases, injuries

59
Q
  1. What can cause cancer?
A

Carcinogenic chemicals, radiation, viruses

60
Q

What can either cure or cause cancer?

A

Radiation

61
Q

Can autotrophs be either photosynthetic or chemosynthetic?

A

True

62
Q

What is transformation in bacteria?

A

A form of genetic transfer, living bacteria take other bacteria’s DNA that is free in the environment

63
Q

What is blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)?

A

A photosythetic autotroph with chlorophyll A

64
Q
  1. What are saprophytic bacteria?
A

Heterotrophic

65
Q

What type of cell are bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

66
Q

Bacteria that carry on anaerobic respiration may produce what substances?

A

Methane, alcohol, lactic acid

67
Q

What is the lymphatic system a part of in the body’s cellular defenses?

A

Non specific defense

68
Q

What does pus contain?

A

Dead bacteria and white blood cells and remaining fluids

69
Q
  1. Are antibiotics always effective against different bacteria?
A

No

70
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A

A tumor with rapid and chaotic growth

71
Q
  1. Name in the correct order the 3 domains, the 6 kingdoms, and the 7 classification levels.
A

Domain- Archae, bacteria, eukaryia
Kingdom- Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Biology (11 decks)

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