Chapter 11 and 12 Flashcards
What is the clear, watery cytoplasma that is found just inside the plasma membrane of an amoeba?
Ectoplasm
- What is the basis for classifying most protozoans?
They are classified in four phylum based on their means of locomotion
What are the blue-green algae not found in the kingdom Protista?
They are prokaryotic
Algae in the kingdom Protista are classified into five phyla based primarily on what characteristic(s)?
Pigments
- How do certain species of amoebas respond to life-threatening conditions?
Becomes a cyst,
How do sarcodines move?
Pseudopods
What is taxis?
Actions and response to stimuli
What is the cellular organelle used for expelling excess water from protozoans?
Contractile vacuole
How does a paramecium move?
Cilia
- What is the oral groove in a paramecium?
Lined with cilia that sweeps food through mouth pore into gullet
What is a pellicle?
A firm yet flexible covering outside the cell membrane of certain protozoans
What is the defensive organelle of the paramecium?
Trichocysts
In ideal conditions, what is the primary method by which the euglena obtain its food?
They survive on photo synthesis
How do euglenas reproduce?
Binary fission
Which phylum of protozoans consists entirely of parasitic forms?
Sporozoa
What vector transmits the malarial protozoan?
Anopheles
Most algal colonies can asexually reproduce by what method?
Fragmentation
What structures are found in algae?
Thallus, filaments, they are highly complex colonies that look like true plants
Why are brown algae not considered members of the plant kingdom?
They lack tissue differentiation and have no true leaves or stems
- What phylum do the green algae belong to?
Chlorophyta
Many algae store starch in what protein-containing cellular structure?
Pyrenoid
How is the green alga Ulothrix is anchored?
Holdfasts
What structures do green algae contain?
Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids and chloroplasts , holdfast. Pyrenoid
What phylum do the Oedogonium belong to?
Cholophyta
Name the spore that has flagella and is involved in asexual reproduction.
Zoospores
Where does spirogyra get its name?
From the spiral like chloroplasts in the algae
How do diatoms store their food?
As oil that appears as large drops in the cell
Name the single-cell algae that have walls of silica.
Diatoms
What are the brown algae?
Fucus
- What phylum does kelp belong to?
Phaeophyta
What are air bladders?
Small air filled sac that cause thallus to float
What is the substance produced by brown algae that is used as a thickener in some foods (like ice cream)?
Algin
What is the substance produced by red algae that is used to grow bacteria?
Agar
Pyrrophyta is the phylum that contains which algal forms?
Kelp fucus
What are the dinoflagellates responsible for?
Bioluminescents in water and red tide
Algae that reproduce by heterogametes produce what?
Ova and sperm
The algae that produce sperm manufacture them in structures called what?
Anthropodia
Which organism(s) are found in the phylum Sarcodina?
Ameobas
Which organism(s) is found in the phylum Sporozoa?
Plasmodium
- What is the vector for African sleeping sickness?
The tsetse fly, only in Africa
Using a microscope correctly identify protists.
Okizay
Do fungi ever have chlorophyll?
Nope
Secreting enzymes outside of the organism and then absorbing the digested food is called what?
External digestion
What composes the cell walls of most true fungi?
Chitin
The bodies of most true fungi are composed of slender filaments called what?
Hyphae
What is the hypha that grows into the material on which the fungus is growing called?
Rhizoids
What is the entire mass of intertwined hyphae formed by a fungus known as?
Mycelia
Which phylum contains athlete’s foot fungus?
mycota
Yeasts belong in which phylum?
Ascomycota
- What is the most common form of reproduction in yeasts?
Budding
???What are found on the gills of the mushroom?
Basidia, spores
What is the stalk of the mushroom called?
Stipe
What are Basidiomycotes that can cause severe damage to crops?
Rust, wheat rust, smuts
What is a relationship between two organisms that are living together called?
Symbiosis
What are lichens composed of?
A fungus and an alga living together
Lichens that have stalks and branches and often look like little shrubs are called what?
Fruticose
What is a chemical used to kill fungi called?
Fungiside
Are the chestnut blight fungus and the Dutch elm disease two fungal diseases that have destroyed many trees in America?
Yep
Are many destructive fungi plant parasites?
Yep
- What are some beneficial fungi?
Edible mushrooms, fungi enzyme to form natural Swiss and cheddar cheese, yeast, penicillin, fungi under natural conditions make soil good for growth of plants by breaking down complex organic substances
How is yeast (leavening agents) used in Scripture?
Leavening compared to sin and false doctrine, leaven often represents sin permeating all of mankind (Matt.16:6-12; 1 Cor. 5:6-8)
How do fungi carry on digestion?
External digestion, secretion of enzymes that digest the food into absorbable nutrients for the fungi
Can some fungi live as saprophytes and also as parasites?
No
How are yeasts used commercially?
To leaven bread
What are mycorrhizae and what do they do?
They are fungi that live with plant roots, they increase the plants roots surface area and enhance the absorption of minerals from the soil and the fungi receives carbohydrates from the plant
What are lichens and how do they function?
They are a fungi and alga working together and they produce sugar for themselves
Why are fungi not classified as plants?
They are non-photosynthetic heterotrophs and there is no tissue differentiation, just masses of filaments woven together, and they have no cellulose in their cell walls, just chitin
Are fungi photosynthetic?
No
What mushrooms (toadstools) are poisonous?
Amanita verna
- What is dimorphism?
The ability to change form in reaction to a different environment
Correctly identify the labeled structures of the mushroom.
Okizay
