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Biology > Chapter 11 and 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 and 12 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the clear, watery cytoplasma that is found just inside the plasma membrane of an amoeba?

A

Ectoplasm

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1
Q
  1. What is the basis for classifying most protozoans?
A

They are classified in four phylum based on their means of locomotion

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2
Q

What are the blue-green algae not found in the kingdom Protista?

A

They are prokaryotic

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3
Q

Algae in the kingdom Protista are classified into five phyla based primarily on what characteristic(s)?

A

Pigments

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4
Q
  1. How do certain species of amoebas respond to life-threatening conditions?
A

Becomes a cyst,

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5
Q

How do sarcodines move?

A

Pseudopods

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6
Q

What is taxis?

A

Actions and response to stimuli

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7
Q

What is the cellular organelle used for expelling excess water from protozoans?

A

Contractile vacuole

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8
Q

How does a paramecium move?

A

Cilia

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9
Q
  1. What is the oral groove in a paramecium?
A

Lined with cilia that sweeps food through mouth pore into gullet

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10
Q

What is a pellicle?

A

A firm yet flexible covering outside the cell membrane of certain protozoans

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11
Q

What is the defensive organelle of the paramecium?

A

Trichocysts

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12
Q

In ideal conditions, what is the primary method by which the euglena obtain its food?

A

They survive on photo synthesis

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13
Q

How do euglenas reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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14
Q

Which phylum of protozoans consists entirely of parasitic forms?

A

Sporozoa

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15
Q

What vector transmits the malarial protozoan?

A

Anopheles

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16
Q

Most algal colonies can asexually reproduce by what method?

A

Fragmentation

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17
Q

What structures are found in algae?

A

Thallus, filaments, they are highly complex colonies that look like true plants

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18
Q

Why are brown algae not considered members of the plant kingdom?

A

They lack tissue differentiation and have no true leaves or stems

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19
Q
  1. What phylum do the green algae belong to?
A

Chlorophyta

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20
Q

Many algae store starch in what protein-containing cellular structure?

A

Pyrenoid

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21
Q

How is the green alga Ulothrix is anchored?

A

Holdfasts

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22
Q

What structures do green algae contain?

A

Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids and chloroplasts , holdfast. Pyrenoid

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23
Q

What phylum do the Oedogonium belong to?

A

Cholophyta

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24
Q

Name the spore that has flagella and is involved in asexual reproduction.

A

Zoospores

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25
Q

Where does spirogyra get its name?

A

From the spiral like chloroplasts in the algae

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26
Q

How do diatoms store their food?

A

As oil that appears as large drops in the cell

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27
Q

Name the single-cell algae that have walls of silica.

A

Diatoms

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28
Q

What are the brown algae?

A

Fucus

29
Q
  1. What phylum does kelp belong to?
A

Phaeophyta

30
Q

What are air bladders?

A

Small air filled sac that cause thallus to float

31
Q

What is the substance produced by brown algae that is used as a thickener in some foods (like ice cream)?

A

Algin

32
Q

What is the substance produced by red algae that is used to grow bacteria?

A

Agar

33
Q

Pyrrophyta is the phylum that contains which algal forms?

A

Kelp fucus

34
Q

What are the dinoflagellates responsible for?

A

Bioluminescents in water and red tide

35
Q

Algae that reproduce by heterogametes produce what?

A

Ova and sperm

36
Q

The algae that produce sperm manufacture them in structures called what?

A

Anthropodia

37
Q

Which organism(s) are found in the phylum Sarcodina?

A

Ameobas

38
Q

Which organism(s) is found in the phylum Sporozoa?

A

Plasmodium

39
Q
  1. What is the vector for African sleeping sickness?
A

The tsetse fly, only in Africa

40
Q

Using a microscope correctly identify protists.

A

Okizay

41
Q

Do fungi ever have chlorophyll?

A

Nope

42
Q

Secreting enzymes outside of the organism and then absorbing the digested food is called what?

A

External digestion

43
Q

What composes the cell walls of most true fungi?

A

Chitin

44
Q

The bodies of most true fungi are composed of slender filaments called what?

A

Hyphae

45
Q

What is the hypha that grows into the material on which the fungus is growing called?

A

Rhizoids

46
Q

What is the entire mass of intertwined hyphae formed by a fungus known as?

A

Mycelia

47
Q

Which phylum contains athlete’s foot fungus?

A

mycota

48
Q

Yeasts belong in which phylum?

A

Ascomycota

49
Q
  1. What is the most common form of reproduction in yeasts?
A

Budding

50
Q

???What are found on the gills of the mushroom?

A

Basidia, spores

51
Q

What is the stalk of the mushroom called?

A

Stipe

52
Q

What are Basidiomycotes that can cause severe damage to crops?

A

Rust, wheat rust, smuts

53
Q

What is a relationship between two organisms that are living together called?

A

Symbiosis

54
Q

What are lichens composed of?

A

A fungus and an alga living together

55
Q

Lichens that have stalks and branches and often look like little shrubs are called what?

A

Fruticose

56
Q

What is a chemical used to kill fungi called?

A

Fungiside

57
Q

Are the chestnut blight fungus and the Dutch elm disease two fungal diseases that have destroyed many trees in America?

A

Yep

58
Q

Are many destructive fungi plant parasites?

A

Yep

59
Q
  1. What are some beneficial fungi?
A

Edible mushrooms, fungi enzyme to form natural Swiss and cheddar cheese, yeast, penicillin, fungi under natural conditions make soil good for growth of plants by breaking down complex organic substances

60
Q

How is yeast (leavening agents) used in Scripture?

A

Leavening compared to sin and false doctrine, leaven often represents sin permeating all of mankind (Matt.16:6-12; 1 Cor. 5:6-8)

61
Q

How do fungi carry on digestion?

A

External digestion, secretion of enzymes that digest the food into absorbable nutrients for the fungi

62
Q

Can some fungi live as saprophytes and also as parasites?

A

No

63
Q

How are yeasts used commercially?

A

To leaven bread

64
Q

What are mycorrhizae and what do they do?

A

They are fungi that live with plant roots, they increase the plants roots surface area and enhance the absorption of minerals from the soil and the fungi receives carbohydrates from the plant

65
Q

What are lichens and how do they function?

A

They are a fungi and alga working together and they produce sugar for themselves

66
Q

Why are fungi not classified as plants?

A

They are non-photosynthetic heterotrophs and there is no tissue differentiation, just masses of filaments woven together, and they have no cellulose in their cell walls, just chitin

67
Q

Are fungi photosynthetic?

A

No

68
Q

What mushrooms (toadstools) are poisonous?

A

Amanita verna

69
Q
  1. What is dimorphism?
A

The ability to change form in reaction to a different environment

70
Q

Correctly identify the labeled structures of the mushroom.

A

Okizay

Biology (11 decks)

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