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Biology > Chapters 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Chapters 3 and 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

What does the term diflagellate mean?

A

With two flagelatte

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1
Q

What is a mononucleocyte?

A

Cell with a single nucleus

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2
Q

Cork cells were first identified by who?

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

Elimination of insoluble, nondigested particles by a cell is referred to as

A

Egestion

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4
Q

The transport of dissolved substances into cells to be used by the cells is

A

Absorption

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5
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

The cell is the basic unit of all living things
Cells perform all the function of living things
New cells come from the reproduction of existing cells

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6
Q

Organisms that are made up of cells that can operate independently but that normally tend to group together are called

A

Colonial organisms

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7
Q

Several tissues grouped together and working as a unit form an

A

Organ

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8
Q

Describe a prokaryotic cell.

A

Bacteria, blue green algae, some similar organisms; lack membrane around nucleus area, contain only non membrane bound organelles

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9
Q

Describe a eukaryotic cell.

A

Membrane bound nucleus, both membrane bound and non membrane bound organelles in it, human, plant, animal, many others all eukaryotic cells

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10
Q

The changing of the sol and gel phase of the cytoplasmic matrix can result in organelle movement called

A

Cytoplasmic streaming

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11
Q

Organelles found in most plant cells but not in animal cells are

A

Vacuoles

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12
Q

Chloroplasts contain

A

A complex system of flattened sacs called thylakoids which are arranged into sacs called grana, which contain chlorophyll

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13
Q

Describe all the structures within an animal cell.

A

Picture in book

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14
Q

A cytoskeleton is made up of

A

Microscopic fibers, microtubules, which are straight and hollow tubes of proteins, and microfilaments, which are thinner, solid strands of protein

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15
Q

The process by which large molecules enter a cell through pouches in the cell membrane is

A

Pinocytosis

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16
Q

The cytoplasm’s long tubular extensions contain a set of microtubules and that are used in cellular movement are

A

Microfilaments

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17
Q

The diffusion of water into a cell by osmosis results in a build-up of

A

Turgor

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18
Q

Describe cell turgor pressure.

A

Kept crisp by central vacuole being filled with water and putting pressure on everything else

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19
Q

Contractile vacuoles would be of great importance to a what kind of unicellular organisms?

A

Ones that are underwater

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20
Q

The control center for most cell activity is the

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

A solution that has a greater concentration of water molecules than the cell is surrounds is

A

Hypertonic

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22
Q

Since diffusion is a purely physical process (it requires no cellular energy), it could be a form of

A

Passive transport

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23
Q

The use of cellular energy to change permeability of a membrane is called

A

Active transport

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24
Q

Cytology is the study of

A

Cells

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25
Q

Name all the structures in a typical animal cell.

A

A

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26
Q

Name all the structures in a typical plant cell.

A

A

27
Q

Can energy be recycled?

A

Yes

28
Q

The principle product of photosynthesis is

A

Oxygen

29
Q

Give examples of autotrophic organisms.

A

Plants, algae

30
Q

A nutritionally dependent organism is said to be

A

Heterotrophs

31
Q

A nutritionally independent organism is

A

Autotrophs

32
Q

Major by products of photosynthesis

A

Oxygen, stored chemical energy

33
Q

A phosphorus-containing compound that stores energy is

A

ATP

34
Q

Explain the relationship between chlorophyll a and the other types of chlorophyll,

A

Both catalysts, chlorophyll a just main

35
Q

The man who discovered much of the information we know about photosynthesis is

A

Melvin Calvin

36
Q

The most important function of chlorophyll is to

A

Act as a catalyst

37
Q

The phase of photosynthesis that splits water molecules is the

A

Photolysis

38
Q

The dark phase of photosynthesis takes place in the

A

Thylakoid

39
Q

When living things obtain energy for life processes from inorganic materials they are participating in

A

chemosynthesis

40
Q

A process that uses oxygen is

A

Aerobic

41
Q

Cellular respiration refers to

A

Free breaking down of a food substance into usable cellular energy in the form of ATP

42
Q

The centers of cellular respiration are

A

Cytoplasm, mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane

43
Q

The breakdown of glucose by enzyme action without the presence of oxygen is

A

Fermentation

44
Q

Give examples of anaerobic cellular respiration.

A

Fermentation,

45
Q

The molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosomes is

A

tRNA

46
Q

Each messenger RNA codon codes for

A

DNA

47
Q

The DNA code is carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by

A

mRNA

48
Q

The destructive or energy-releasing, phase of metabolism is

A

Catabolism

49
Q

The process of a cell digesting a part of itself which is no longer useful is called

A

Autophagy

50
Q

Intracellular digestion refers to

A

The materials from pinocytosis and phagocytosis that are broken down by enzymes

51
Q

What are the primary colors that chlorophyll a absorbs?

A

Every color other than green

52
Q

Is photosynthesis a dynamic equilibrium?

A

No

53
Q

Is a redwood tree an example of an autotrophic organism?

A

Yes

54
Q

Chlorophyll is a green pigment made up of only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

A

No magnesium

55
Q

What is the difference in energy released from aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic releases 10 times more energy than anaerobic

56
Q

Are proteins used for growth and repair, not as energy sources?

A

No

57
Q

Is digestion of food an example of catabolic metabolism?

A

Yes

58
Q

Would building muscles be an example of catabolic metabolism?

A

No

59
Q

Give examples of autotrophs.

A

Trees, plants, algae, some bacteria

60
Q

The functioning of an organism is its metabolism.

A

True

61
Q

What kind of organism obtains energy from light?

A

Autotrophs

62
Q

Which organelles made of membranes contain chlorophyll?

A

Grana

63
Q

Where does the entire process of photosynthesis take place?

A

Chlororplasts

64
Q

Which organisms obtain energy from inorganic substances?

A

Autotrophs

65
Q

Name the process in which food is broken down outside the cell.

A

Extracellular digestion

66
Q

Describe intracellular digestion.

A

Digestion of food substances within the cell

Biology (11 decks)

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