Chapter 19 Flashcards
What are the three functions of an ecologist?
Study relationships, predict, recommend
What is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment?
Ecology
Fish in a bowl of water, a forest, and a pond are all examples of what?
An ecosystem
Summarize the water cycle?
Evaporation/transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, percolation
The moving of water from the earth to the atmosphere is called what?
Evaporation
What is a group of organisms of the same kind within a community called?
Population
A walking stick is camouflaged to look like a stick; this is an example of what?
Protective coloration
The black and white stripes of a skunk would be an example of what?
Warning coloration
The coloring or marking that enables certain animals to blend with their environments is called
Protective coloring
Organisms that feed exclusively on plants are called
Herbivores
An animal that preys on herbivores is what within the food chain?
1st level carnivores
Give several examples of food chains placing them in the correct order.
Algae, copepod, fish, kingfisher
Grass, cow, farmer
Etc, be able to identify examples
The loss of energy between two levels of the food chain is about what percentage?
85%
The transfer of the sun’s energy through many organisms is called a
Food chain
Name several organisms that would be part of the detritus food chain.
Bacteria, fungi, insects, crayfish, worms
The ecological pyramid that always has a regular shape is based on what factors?
Energy???
The relationship between the cow and the rumen bacteria which supply enzymes necessary for the digestion of cellulose is
Mutualism
The relationship between a hyena (which eats the “leftovers” of a lion’s kill) and the lion is
Commensalism
A tapeworm in the intestines of a dog is an example of
Parasitism
When two different organisms benefit from living together, their relationship is called
Symbiosis
The shark and the remora (a fish that cleans parasites off the shark) would be an example of
Mutualism
Symbiosis refers to what kinds of relationships?
Commensalism, mutualism, parasitism
The place in which an animal lives is called its
Habitat
The thin layer where life mists on earth is called the
Biosphere
The two main processes in the oxygen cycle are
Photosynthesis and respiration
The “occupation” of an organism is its
Niche
The processes whereby atmospheric nitrogen is made useful to organisms are part of
Long nitrogen cycle
The process by which bacteria can change atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds is
Nitrogen fixation
The nodes on the roots of legumes are important in what aspect of the nitrogen cycle?
Nitrogen fixation
What is the purpose of a matter cycle?
To reuse existing matter
Essential materials for growth and reproduction are examples of what?
Limiting factors
What would a large area supporting similar biotic communities be called?
Biome
An organism that is active during the day is called
Diurnal
An organism that synchronizes its activities with the moon follows which rhythms?
Lunar
The change of a pond to a forest is called what?
Succession
Which organisms are characteristic of pioneer succession?
Few species with large populations, high metabolic rate, organisms with shorter life span
After an avalanche destroyed a section of a mountain, new plants and animals began to grow in the area. This appears to be an example of
Succession
What characterizes the climax stage in succession?
Many species with smaller populations, larger organisms, lower metabolic rates
What are the final dominant forms of life in a natural succession called?
Climax organisms
A tribe of American Indians who plant corn for food would be an example of man being/doing what?
Manager
Man’s God-ordained niche in the biosphere is that of what?
Consumer-manager
Give examples of a nonbiodegradable pollutants.
DDT, glass, metals, plastics
The process that concentrates a pollutant into large doses as the substance is passed along in the food chain is called
Biological magnification
Be able to explain the interactions within a food chain and the use of pesticides by farmers to control crop destroying insects
Read the pages, end of chapter
Insects, birds, insecticides, etc…
E.C. Name the five biological zones and describe the two geographical locations (elevation and latitude), where they are normally found on the surface of the earth. If it will help you, draw a picture or chart and correctly label it.
Picture
