Chapter 5 and 6 Test Review Flashcards
Hair and eye color, body build, and facial features are inherited and are called
Individual characteristics
The sections of a chromosome that code for a trait are called:
Genes
The ability of a person to taste PTC is due to a dominant allele T. A woman who can taste PTC is married to a man who cannot. Two of their four children have the ability to taste PTC, and two do not. What are the parent’s genotypes?
Woman- Tt, man-tt
In guinea pigs, black hair is dominant over white hair. If a homozygous black guinea pig was crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig, the F1 offspring probability would be
Black
A field of seedless grapes would be an example of what kind of clone?
Artificial clones
Human brother and sister twins are an example of
Fraternal twins
An organism that can reproduce only asexually must be
Clone
What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
Meiosis, two divisions, mitosis, 1 division
When two haploid gametes unite, they form a diploid cell called a/an
A zygote
The blood type that is always evidence of a homozygous condition is
Type O
The Austrian monk who established the first laws and principles of heredity was
Gregor Mendel
The principle of genetics involved when one gene in a pair masks or prevents the expression of the other is called
Dominant over recessive
How does asexual reproduction take place?
By budding or fragmentation or spores
The phenotypic ratio of the offspring TT, Tt, tt, TT is
3:1, remember phenotype is physical appearance
An example of a species characteristic in humans would be
Two eyes, two ears, one nose, a mouth, same hands, thumbs, tongue
In humans, free ear lobes are determined by a dominant gene, F, and ear lobes that are attached are determined by a recessive gene, f. A woman with free ear lobes marries a man with attached ear lobes. Their first child has attached ear lobes. Which of the following expresses the mother’s genotype?
Ff
Possessing a pair of identical alleles for one trait is the
Homozygous condition
If an organism has two different genes for a single trait, the organism is said to be
Monohybrid cross
If two parents have the following genotypes for a sex-linked factor, XAY, XaXa,you would expect
All the females to be heterozygous
What is gametogenesis?
The forming of the gametes, sperm and egg
A chart showing the phenotype of the individuals in several generations of a family is a
Pedigree
A condition in which both alleles of a heterozygous condition are expressed is
incomplete dominance
What is Sickle cell anemia, who does it affect, and how is it caused?
A hereditary mutation, affects primarily black people, incomplete dominance
When dealing with two sets of traits, you would be dealing with a
Dihybrid cross
The possible number of different gametes that can be formed from a cell with genotype CcDd is
4, CD, Cd, cD, cd
Autosomes are chromosomes that
Are traditionally numbered and are non sex determined
A trait carried only on the X sex chromosome is
Sex linked chromosomes
In the case of the sex-linked trait red-green colorblindness, which of the following would not possibly have occurred?
It cannot be passed to sons by father
A chart that enables one to visualize gene pairings is called a
Punnet square
Why are fruit flies a good organism for genetic studies?
Abundant offspring Short life span Ease of keeping and handling Noticeable differences Four pairs of chromosomes
Be able to use Punnett squares to determine genetic outcomes.
Ok, may be correct or incorrect, will be questions
Explain and diagram what happens in each phase of mitosis.
Ok, page 106, matching of phases and descriptions
Thoroughly explain meiosis.
Ok, page 110, EC, draw exactly and label all parts of meiosis, 6 chromatids
What is a lethal gene?
A gene that can kill
What is parthenogenesis?
Reproduction in which organisms develop from unfertilized ovas, from haploid cells, develops, like bee drone
Give examples of haploid organisms.
Gamete
When an organism has a complete set of chromosomes beyond the diploid state, the organism is what?
A triploid organism
Why are triploids usually sterile?
Chromosomes don’t properly line up during meosis
The absence of a chromosome or the presence of an extra chromosome in an organism is called
Aneuploids
What indicates a tetraploid condition?
Four complete sets of chromosomes, 4n
What causes Down’s syndrome?
Disjunction, A trisomy of the 21st chromosome
An individual with XYY chromosomes received them as a result of what?
Nondisjunction in sperm
A person with Down’s syndrome has what genetic condition?
Aneuploid condition, extra chromosome
The exchange of corresponding segments between homologous chromosomes is called what?
Crossing over
What is translocation?
When two non homologous chromosomes exchange genetic info during meiosis
Genes that exert influence only in the presence of certain sex hormones are said to be what?
Sex limited traits
A gene mutation can involve what factors?
Change in sequence of chromosome base, number of chromosome, etc
A gene mutation can result in what problems?
DNA bases out of sequence, it’s been altered
A change in a characteristic can be passed on naturally to future generations only when it is in the form of what?
A germ (seed or ova or sperm or egg) mutation
All the genes present in a given population are called what?
A gene pool
What are variations in species?
Naturally differences between organisms in same gene pool, size, shape, etc
Hybridization often results in what?
Heterosis
What are the methods of genetic screening?
Analysis of pedigrees, analysis of unborn children, analysis of newborn
What is recombinant DNA?
Taking two pieces of DNA from diff sources and combining them
Recombinant DNA has been used to form what?
Insulin producing organism
Since the mule has two complete genomes (one from a donkey and one from a horse), it can be called what?
Epoloidy
What is eugenics?
A term or belief attempting to improve the human gene pool by only allowing/encouraging superior good gened people to reproduce
When human ova are removed from a woman’s body and fertilized in the laboratory, they must be implanted in a woman’s womb within what time frame?
Indefinite time frame, can be frozen
