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Biology > Chapter 5 and 6 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 5 and 6 Test Review Flashcards

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0
Q

Hair and eye color, body build, and facial features are inherited and are called

A

Individual characteristics

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1
Q

The sections of a chromosome that code for a trait are called:

A

Genes

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2
Q

The ability of a person to taste PTC is due to a dominant allele T. A woman who can taste PTC is married to a man who cannot. Two of their four children have the ability to taste PTC, and two do not. What are the parent’s genotypes?

A

Woman- Tt, man-tt

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3
Q

In guinea pigs, black hair is dominant over white hair. If a homozygous black guinea pig was crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig, the F1 offspring probability would be

A

Black

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4
Q

A field of seedless grapes would be an example of what kind of clone?

A

Artificial clones

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5
Q

Human brother and sister twins are an example of

A

Fraternal twins

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6
Q

An organism that can reproduce only asexually must be

A

Clone

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7
Q

What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Meiosis, two divisions, mitosis, 1 division

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8
Q

When two haploid gametes unite, they form a diploid cell called a/an

A

A zygote

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9
Q

The blood type that is always evidence of a homozygous condition is

A

Type O

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10
Q

The Austrian monk who established the first laws and principles of heredity was

A

Gregor Mendel

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11
Q

The principle of genetics involved when one gene in a pair masks or prevents the expression of the other is called

A

Dominant over recessive

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12
Q

How does asexual reproduction take place?

A

By budding or fragmentation or spores

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13
Q

The phenotypic ratio of the offspring TT, Tt, tt, TT is

A

3:1, remember phenotype is physical appearance

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14
Q

An example of a species characteristic in humans would be

A

Two eyes, two ears, one nose, a mouth, same hands, thumbs, tongue

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15
Q

In humans, free ear lobes are determined by a dominant gene, F, and ear lobes that are attached are determined by a recessive gene, f. A woman with free ear lobes marries a man with attached ear lobes. Their first child has attached ear lobes. Which of the following expresses the mother’s genotype?

A

Ff

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16
Q

Possessing a pair of identical alleles for one trait is the

A

Homozygous condition

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17
Q

If an organism has two different genes for a single trait, the organism is said to be

A

Monohybrid cross

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18
Q

If two parents have the following genotypes for a sex-linked factor, XAY, XaXa,you would expect

A

All the females to be heterozygous

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19
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

The forming of the gametes, sperm and egg

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20
Q

A chart showing the phenotype of the individuals in several generations of a family is a

A

Pedigree

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21
Q

A condition in which both alleles of a heterozygous condition are expressed is

A

incomplete dominance

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22
Q

What is Sickle cell anemia, who does it affect, and how is it caused?

A

A hereditary mutation, affects primarily black people, incomplete dominance

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23
Q

When dealing with two sets of traits, you would be dealing with a

A

Dihybrid cross

24
Q

The possible number of different gametes that can be formed from a cell with genotype CcDd is

A

4, CD, Cd, cD, cd

25
Q

Autosomes are chromosomes that

A

Are traditionally numbered and are non sex determined

26
Q

A trait carried only on the X sex chromosome is

A

Sex linked chromosomes

27
Q

In the case of the sex-linked trait red-green colorblindness, which of the following would not possibly have occurred?

A

It cannot be passed to sons by father

28
Q

A chart that enables one to visualize gene pairings is called a

A

Punnet square

29
Q

Why are fruit flies a good organism for genetic studies?

A 
Abundant offspring
Short life span
Ease of keeping and handling
Noticeable differences
Four pairs of chromosomes
30
Q

Be able to use Punnett squares to determine genetic outcomes.

A

Ok, may be correct or incorrect, will be questions

31
Q

Explain and diagram what happens in each phase of mitosis.

A

Ok, page 106, matching of phases and descriptions

32
Q

Thoroughly explain meiosis.

A

Ok, page 110, EC, draw exactly and label all parts of meiosis, 6 chromatids

33
Q

What is a lethal gene?

A

A gene that can kill

34
Q

What is parthenogenesis?

A

Reproduction in which organisms develop from unfertilized ovas, from haploid cells, develops, like bee drone

35
Q

Give examples of haploid organisms.

A

Gamete

36
Q

When an organism has a complete set of chromosomes beyond the diploid state, the organism is what?

A

A triploid organism

37
Q

Why are triploids usually sterile?

A

Chromosomes don’t properly line up during meosis

38
Q

The absence of a chromosome or the presence of an extra chromosome in an organism is called

A

Aneuploids

39
Q

What indicates a tetraploid condition?

A

Four complete sets of chromosomes, 4n

40
Q

What causes Down’s syndrome?

A

Disjunction, A trisomy of the 21st chromosome

41
Q

An individual with XYY chromosomes received them as a result of what?

A

Nondisjunction in sperm

42
Q

A person with Down’s syndrome has what genetic condition?

A

Aneuploid condition, extra chromosome

43
Q

The exchange of corresponding segments between homologous chromosomes is called what?

A

Crossing over

44
Q

What is translocation?

A

When two non homologous chromosomes exchange genetic info during meiosis

45
Q

Genes that exert influence only in the presence of certain sex hormones are said to be what?

A

Sex limited traits

46
Q

A gene mutation can involve what factors?

A

Change in sequence of chromosome base, number of chromosome, etc

47
Q

A gene mutation can result in what problems?

A

DNA bases out of sequence, it’s been altered

48
Q

A change in a characteristic can be passed on naturally to future generations only when it is in the form of what?

A

A germ (seed or ova or sperm or egg) mutation

49
Q

All the genes present in a given population are called what?

A

A gene pool

50
Q

What are variations in species?

A

Naturally differences between organisms in same gene pool, size, shape, etc

51
Q

Hybridization often results in what?

A

Heterosis

52
Q

What are the methods of genetic screening?

A

Analysis of pedigrees, analysis of unborn children, analysis of newborn

53
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

Taking two pieces of DNA from diff sources and combining them

54
Q

Recombinant DNA has been used to form what?

A

Insulin producing organism

55
Q

Since the mule has two complete genomes (one from a donkey and one from a horse), it can be called what?

A

Epoloidy

56
Q

What is eugenics?

A

A term or belief attempting to improve the human gene pool by only allowing/encouraging superior good gened people to reproduce

57
Q

When human ova are removed from a woman’s body and fertilized in the laboratory, they must be implanted in a woman’s womb within what time frame?

A

Indefinite time frame, can be frozen

Biology (11 decks)

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