Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards
What is the constantly changing complex living material of an organisms cells?
Protoplasm
Name the solution made by boiling grain in water.
Infusion
How does God communicate to man today?
Bible, holy spirit
What is an educated guess about the solution to a problem?
Hypothesis
Explain the control and experimental groups used in an experiment.
The control group has no variable and is the one that is supposed to be “normal” and the experimental group has a variable
What are the limitations of modern science?
- Science must deal with observable, measurable phenomena
- Science can only describe not explain
- No experiment can be completely controlled
- Observations may be faulty
- Mans beliefs affect his judgement
- Science must deal with repeatable results
- Science cannot deal with values or morals
- Science cannot prove a universal statement
- Science cannot establish truth
What is the reasonings that begins with general principles and develops specific conclusions?
Deductive reasoning
What are the primary goals in scientific work?
Workability
Explain spontaneous generation.
It is the concept that organisms come to life from non-living substances
What are the characteristics of life?
Exhibits movement Achieves growth Reproduces Comes from similar preexisting life Has similar chemical makeup Is composed of cells Exhibits irritability Requires energy Maintains a high level of organization Faces death
What is the bending of light as it passes through an object called?
Refraction
What is the knowledge that results from scientific activity called?
Pure science
How can error be reduced in scientific experiment?
Not having more than one variable
How should a Christian view a scientific discovery that seems to contradict the bible?
As a fallacy
What is biology?
The study of the living
What is the ability of organisms to organize simple molecules into complex protopalsm called?
Assimilation
What are the attributes of life?
Exhibits movement Achieves growth Reproduces Comes from similar preexisting life Has similar chemical makeup Is composed of cells Exhibits irritability Requires energy Maintains a high level of organization Faces death
What is the principle that living things come only from living things?
Biogenesis
If the results of a scientific experiment are accurate and reliable, they are said to be what?
Valid
The ability of a microscope to deliver a clear, detailed image depends on what?
Resolution
How can true science enhance one’s worship of God?
Because it can give insight into God’s creation
What attributes of life may nonliving things possess?
Similar chemical makeup
Can science be used to establish truth?
No
How is truth determined?
The bible
What does 2 Timothy 3:16 teach?
That all scripture is inspired by god and profitable for teaching for reroof for correction and for training in righteousness
Does scientific discovery of some phenomenon make it true?
No
What is applied science?
Using knowledge gained through scientific activities to solve problems
!
Can science be used to explain, and describe phenomenon?
Describe, it cannot explain
What is an hypothesis?
An educated guess
Do different hypothesis require different methods?
Yes
What is a scientific law?
A description of patterns of natural phenomena
Why is it difficult to experiment with living things?
Because God designed life to function in a certain range of environmental conditions and because variables are harder to identify and more difficult to control
What is a theory?
Consistently supported by hypothesis, rigorously tested, supported, and never refuted
What is a fallacy?
Something that is not true
What are the characteristics of an atom?
Smallest unit of the elements
Define the types of chemical reactions.
Endothermic and exothermic
What is activation energy?
Energy necessary to start a reaction
Name the subatomic particles and where are they found.
Neutron, electron, proton found in atoms in the nucleus and around the nucleus
What are the characteristics of enzymes?
Organic catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
What is an atom that has negative or a positive charge?
Ion
What happens when an acid and a base are mixed?
They neutralize each other and form a salt and water
What is matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules through a semi or selectively permeable membrane
What are some of the effects of acid rain?
Kills fish and trees
What are examples of a physical change in matter?
Adding heat to ice, mixing salt and water, sugar and water
What is matter made up of?
Primarily of Space
What chemicals form genes?
Nucleic acids
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy, give examples?
Stored vs in motion,
When does diffusion stop?
At an equilibrium
What is the molecular structure of chitin?
Carbohydrates similar to cellulose
Explain diffusion.
It is the net movement of molecules from a higher area of concentration of that substance to a lower area of concentration, this is due to kinetic molecular energy in the molecules
In living organisms the membranes that permit only certain materials to pass through them are called what?
Semi permeable
What do buffers control?
Excess H+ ions or OH-ions, so it regulates the pH level to a certain extent, controls acids and bases
What are the two basic components of the physical universe?
Matter and energy
What are lipids?
Group of organic substances that are only slightly soluble in water but very soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol,ether, acetone, and chloroform, waxes, fatty acids, triglycerides, oils
How do catalysts effect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Changes amount of activation energy
What substance is often called a universal solvent?
Water
What happens when diffusion pressure is high?
Diffusion occurs rapidly because equilibrium is not there
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Mixture that is the same throughout
What makes up a nucleotide?
Sugar phosphate base hydrogen bonds
The theory that life is more than a collection of chemicals is known as what?
Vitalism
What are lipids that are liquid at room temperature called?
Oils
Nonprotein substances that affect the active sites of enzymes are what?
Coenzymes
What is the process called when a large molecule is broken down by adding a water molecule?
Hydrolysis
Name the type of polysaccharide that accounts for the strength of plant cells and is not digestible to most animals and humans.
Cellulose
Plants normally store energy as starch. Animals and humans store energy as what?
Lipids
What are the basic building blocks of a proteins?
Amino acids
Name the process of transferring the complementary DNA base sequence to a molecule of RNA.
Transcription
What makes up a triglyceride?
3 fatty acid modules
Tyglycerol
What is the difference in structure between a DNA and RNA molecule?
DNA is two twisted, RNA is one strand, not double helix
What are the relationships between potential and kinetic energy?
Can be converted either way
What is a good example of a reversible phase colloid?
Jello colloid, agar
How do enzymes work in a series to break down or build up molecules?
Break down
What would be an equation for an endothermic reaction?
W+X+energy——->y+z
Are enzymes reversible?
Yes
Describe phospholipids and how they function.
Hyrdophobic hydroliphic “tails”
How is cellulose used in humans?
Forms major part of roughage or bulk or dietary fiber
What are the states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
What is biosynthesis and why is important?
The putting together of substances by living things
Assimilation happens by this process and so it is necessary to life
What makes up carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, sugars
What is critical to protein function?
3D structure
What is glucose?
Carbohydrate
What is the term for the overall shape of a protein molecule?
Tersherary structure
Name the 16 elements of life.
Oxygen O Carbon C Hydrogen H Nitrogen N Calcium Ca Phosphorus P Potassium K Sulfur S Chlorine Cl Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Copper Cu Fluorine F Iron Fe Iodine I Zinc Zn
