Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards by Andria Fredriks

What is the constantly changing complex living material of an organisms cells?

Protoplasm

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Name the solution made by boiling grain in water.

Infusion

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How does God communicate to man today?

Bible, holy spirit

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What is an educated guess about the solution to a problem?

Hypothesis

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Explain the control and experimental groups used in an experiment.

The control group has no variable and is the one that is supposed to be “normal” and the experimental group has a variable

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What are the limitations of modern science?

Science must deal with observable, measurable phenomena
Science can only describe not explain
No experiment can be completely controlled
Observations may be faulty
Mans beliefs affect his judgement
Science must deal with repeatable results
Science cannot deal with values or morals
Science cannot prove a universal statement
Science cannot establish truth

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What is the reasonings that begins with general principles and develops specific conclusions?

Deductive reasoning

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What are the primary goals in scientific work?

Workability

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Explain spontaneous generation.

It is the concept that organisms come to life from non-living substances

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What are the characteristics of life?

Exhibits movement
Achieves growth
Reproduces
Comes from similar preexisting life
Has similar chemical makeup
Is composed of cells
Exhibits irritability
Requires energy
Maintains a high level of organization
Faces death

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What is the bending of light as it passes through an object called?

Refraction

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What is the knowledge that results from scientific activity called?

Pure science

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How can error be reduced in scientific experiment?

Not having more than one variable

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How should a Christian view a scientific discovery that seems to contradict the bible?

As a fallacy

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What is biology?

The study of the living

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What is the ability of organisms to organize simple molecules into complex protopalsm called?

Assimilation

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What are the attributes of life?

Exhibits movement
Achieves growth
Reproduces
Comes from similar preexisting life
Has similar chemical makeup
Is composed of cells
Exhibits irritability
Requires energy
Maintains a high level of organization
Faces death

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What is the principle that living things come only from living things?

Biogenesis

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If the results of a scientific experiment are accurate and reliable, they are said to be what?

Valid

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The ability of a microscope to deliver a clear, detailed image depends on what?

Resolution

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How can true science enhance one’s worship of God?

Because it can give insight into God’s creation

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What attributes of life may nonliving things possess?

Similar chemical makeup

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Can science be used to establish truth?

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How is truth determined?

The bible

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What does 2 Timothy 3:16 teach?

That all scripture is inspired by god and profitable for teaching for reroof for correction and for training in righteousness

Does scientific discovery of some phenomenon make it true?

What is applied science?

Using knowledge gained through scientific activities to solve problems !

Can science be used to explain, and describe phenomenon?

Describe, it cannot explain

What is an hypothesis?

An educated guess

Do different hypothesis require different methods?

Yes

What is a scientific law?

A description of patterns of natural phenomena

Why is it difficult to experiment with living things?

Because God designed life to function in a certain range of environmental conditions and because variables are harder to identify and more difficult to control

What is a theory?

Consistently supported by hypothesis, rigorously tested, supported, and never refuted

What is a fallacy?

Something that is not true

What are the characteristics of an atom?

Smallest unit of the elements

Define the types of chemical reactions.

Endothermic and exothermic

What is activation energy?

Energy necessary to start a reaction

Name the subatomic particles and where are they found.

Neutron, electron, proton found in atoms in the nucleus and around the nucleus

What are the characteristics of enzymes?

Organic catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

What is an atom that has negative or a positive charge?

Ion

What happens when an acid and a base are mixed?

They neutralize each other and form a salt and water

What is matter?

Anything that takes up space and has mass

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water molecules through a semi or selectively permeable membrane

What are some of the effects of acid rain?

Kills fish and trees

What are examples of a physical change in matter?

Adding heat to ice, mixing salt and water, sugar and water

What is matter made up of?

Primarily of Space

What chemicals form genes?

Nucleic acids

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy, give examples?

Stored vs in motion,

When does diffusion stop?

At an equilibrium

What is the molecular structure of chitin?

Carbohydrates similar to cellulose

Explain diffusion.

It is the net movement of molecules from a higher area of concentration of that substance to a lower area of concentration, this is due to kinetic molecular energy in the molecules

In living organisms the membranes that permit only certain materials to pass through them are called what?

Semi permeable

What do buffers control?

Excess H+ ions or OH-ions, so it regulates the pH level to a certain extent, controls acids and bases

What are the two basic components of the physical universe?

Matter and energy

What are lipids?

Group of organic substances that are only slightly soluble in water but very soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol,ether, acetone, and chloroform, waxes, fatty acids, triglycerides, oils

How do catalysts effect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Changes amount of activation energy

What substance is often called a universal solvent?

Water

What happens when diffusion pressure is high?

Diffusion occurs rapidly because equilibrium is not there

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Mixture that is the same throughout

What makes up a nucleotide?

Sugar phosphate base hydrogen bonds

The theory that life is more than a collection of chemicals is known as what?

Vitalism

What are lipids that are liquid at room temperature called?

Oils

Nonprotein substances that affect the active sites of enzymes are what?

Coenzymes

What is the process called when a large molecule is broken down by adding a water molecule?

Hydrolysis

Name the type of polysaccharide that accounts for the strength of plant cells and is not digestible to most animals and humans.

Cellulose

Plants normally store energy as starch. Animals and humans store energy as what?

Lipids

What are the basic building blocks of a proteins?

Amino acids

Name the process of transferring the complementary DNA base sequence to a molecule of RNA.

Transcription

What makes up a triglyceride?

3 fatty acid modules | Tyglycerol

What is the difference in structure between a DNA and RNA molecule?

DNA is two twisted, RNA is one strand, not double helix

What are the relationships between potential and kinetic energy?

Can be converted either way

What is a good example of a reversible phase colloid?

Jello colloid, agar

How do enzymes work in a series to break down or build up molecules?

Break down

What would be an equation for an endothermic reaction?

W+X+energy------->y+z

Are enzymes reversible?

Yes

Describe phospholipids and how they function.

Hyrdophobic hydroliphic "tails"

How is cellulose used in humans?

Forms major part of roughage or bulk or dietary fiber

What are the states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas

What is biosynthesis and why is important?

The putting together of substances by living things | Assimilation happens by this process and so it is necessary to life

What makes up carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, sugars

What is critical to protein function?

3D structure

What is glucose?

Carbohydrate

What is the term for the overall shape of a protein molecule?

Tersherary structure

Name the 16 elements of life.

``` Oxygen O Carbon C Hydrogen H Nitrogen N Calcium Ca Phosphorus P Potassium K Sulfur S Chlorine Cl Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Copper Cu Fluorine F Iron Fe Iodine I Zinc Zn ```