Chapter 13 and 14 Flashcards
- What plants are non-vascular?
Mosses
- What kind of plant is mistletoe?
Heterotrophic partially parasitic plant
- What plants are vascular, but do not produce seeds?
ferns
- Name the 2 sub-groups of vascular, seed-bearing plants.
Gymnosperm, angiosperm
- In the life cycle of a typical moss, where is the sperm is produced?
Antheridia
- Where are the fern spores located?
Sporangia
- What are the non-flowering plants that produce seeds which are not enclosed in an ovary called?
Gymnosperms
- What is the mature ovary of an angiosperm called?
Fruit
- What phylum of plants are divided on the basis of monocot and dicot?
Angiosperms
- Do herbaceous plants lack woody structures and usually live for only one year?
Yes
- What are examples of meristematic tissue?
cork cambium
- What are examples of vascular tissue?
Xylem and phloem
- What are examples of structural tissue?
Collenchyma
- What is the primary function of a leaf?
Absorb light energy from the sun
- Leaf epidermal cells often secrete a waxy substance called what?
Cuticle
- A typical leaf vein is made up of what tissues?
Pholeom
- What cells surround the stomata?
Guard cells
- Is the outermost tissue of the root, the epidermis, two cells thick in its early stage of development?
No, it’s one cell thick
- What plant phylum produces softwoods for industry?
Gymnosperm
- By studying the annual rings of a redwood tree, a scientist can determine what information?
Its age and the weather and conditions it went through
- What does a typical herbaceous plant lack?
Woody cork cambium
- What are the functions of roots?
Anchor plant, absorb water and dissolved minerals and food storage
- What are the functions of a stem?
Manufacture and support and display leaves, and they conduct materials to and from leaves for photosynthesis
- Which trees are representative of the families in the phylum Coniferophyta?
Pine Cyprus redwood
- The pine tree releases male reproductive gametes contained in the what structure?
Pollen cones, males cones
- What are the characteristics of the Anthophytes?
Produce flowers
- What are monocots and dicots?
Flowering plants
- What ia a mature ovary is called?
Fruit
- Leaves that have netted venation belong to which class of trees?
Dicotalydonae
- A plant that grows year after year is called what?
Perennial
- What is the region of active cell division in a plant?
Meristematic region
- Cells that are undergoing mitosis are usually found where?
Meristematic region
- What is found in the sap of phloem tubes?
Sap, water, sugars
- What do the vascular tissues do?
Transports water upwards and nutrients throughout the plant
- A leaf in which the blade is divided into more than one part is said to be what?
Compound leaf
- What are leaves called that lack petioles?
Sessile
- What is the stalk portion of a leaf called?
Petiole
- Which leaves have netted venation?
Dicot, Pinnate and palmate
- The “fuzziness” of certain leaf surface is do to the presence of what structure?
Epidermal hairs
- Why are stomata beneficial to the leaf?
Permit exchange of gases between atmosphere and leaf
- What is a fibrovascular bundle in a leaf called?
Vein
- What kind of tree loses its leaves in the fall?
Deciduous
- What are the storage tissues in roots?
Cortex
- What is a slender, horizontal, underground stem called?
Stolon
- What is a collection of underground storage leaves branching from small discs of stems called?
Bulbs
- A palm tree has what type of branching pattern?
Columnar
- To survive through the winter months, what must a woody stem form in the fall?
Dormant buds
- Hard, dark, inactive wood is called what?
Heartwood
- The age of a tree and the change of weather conditions it went through as it grew can be determined by studying what?
Spring wood compared to summerwood
- How does girdling kill a plant?
Starves roots
- What happens when a plant is over fertilized?
It burns
- What determines the amount of water that soil can contain?
Depends on the ground texture
- What composes topsoil?
Humus, loames, living organisms
- Is oxygen essential for roots to carry on cellular respiration?
Yes
- Which kind of soil water is most readily available to plants?
Capliarity
- What is the property of water molecules that causes them to stick together?
Cohesion
- What is turgor?
Stiffness
- Do plants eat food?
No, they absorb minerals
- What is the main energy source for food manufactured in plants?
Sun
- What is germination?
The beginning of the growth of an embryonic plant within a seed
- Besides manganese, boron, and chlorine, what minor essential elements are needed for plant health?
Copper, molybdenum, zinc
- What do the numbers 10-20-10 on a fertilizer bag mean?
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
- What are plant auxins called?
Hormones
- What is an etiolated plant?
Without light
- What is the name of the period in which severe conditions cause a plant to stop growing?
Dormancy
- Why do farmers use vegetative reproduction for plants that can reproduce sexually?
Ensure same genetic characteristics
- How do tulips and daffodils reproduce?
Bulbs
- What is(are) the primary goal(s) of sexual reproduction in plants?
Produce new plants and recombine genes into different groupings for genetic variability, variety
- What is the sweet fluid that lures animals to flowers in order to help in pollination?
Nectar
- What is the process called in which a stem is cut off of one plant and placed into contact with the stem of a rooted plant?
Grafting
- What makes up a mature seed?
Endosperm, epicatale, radical
- What is the stalk that supports the flower?
Pedicel
- What is the enlarged end of the pedicel which bears the remainder of the flower parts?
Receptacle
- What is the outermost ring of the flower which serves to protect the floral parts as they form in the bud?
Sepals
- What are large, brightly colored floral parts called?
Petals
- What is the male reproductive structure of a flower?
Stamen
- What is the female reproductive structure of a flower?
pistil
- List the three proper conditions that must exist before a plant will germinate.
Moisture, temp, oxygen
- List the four main ways plants use water
Photosynthesis, turgor, hydrolysis, translocation
- Name six major nutrient elements needed by plants.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron