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biology > Chapter 13 and 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 and 14 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
0
Q
  1. What plants are non-vascular?
A

Mosses

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1
Q
  1. What kind of plant is mistletoe?
A

Heterotrophic partially parasitic plant

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2
Q
  1. What plants are vascular, but do not produce seeds?
A

ferns

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3
Q
  1. Name the 2 sub-groups of vascular, seed-bearing plants.
A

Gymnosperm, angiosperm

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4
Q
  1. In the life cycle of a typical moss, where is the sperm is produced?
A

Antheridia

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5
Q
  1. Where are the fern spores located?
A

Sporangia

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6
Q
  1. What are the non-flowering plants that produce seeds which are not enclosed in an ovary called?
A

Gymnosperms

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7
Q
  1. What is the mature ovary of an angiosperm called?
A

Fruit

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8
Q
  1. What phylum of plants are divided on the basis of monocot and dicot?
A

Angiosperms

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9
Q
  1. Do herbaceous plants lack woody structures and usually live for only one year?
A

Yes

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10
Q
  1. What are examples of meristematic tissue?
A

cork cambium

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11
Q
  1. What are examples of vascular tissue?
A

Xylem and phloem

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12
Q
  1. What are examples of structural tissue?
A

Collenchyma

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13
Q
  1. What is the primary function of a leaf?
A

Absorb light energy from the sun

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14
Q
  1. Leaf epidermal cells often secrete a waxy substance called what?
A

Cuticle

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15
Q
  1. A typical leaf vein is made up of what tissues?
A

Pholeom

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16
Q
  1. What cells surround the stomata?
A

Guard cells

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17
Q
  1. Is the outermost tissue of the root, the epidermis, two cells thick in its early stage of development?
A

No, it’s one cell thick

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18
Q
  1. What plant phylum produces softwoods for industry?
A

Gymnosperm

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19
Q
  1. By studying the annual rings of a redwood tree, a scientist can determine what information?
A

Its age and the weather and conditions it went through

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20
Q
  1. What does a typical herbaceous plant lack?
A

Woody cork cambium

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21
Q
  1. What are the functions of roots?
A

Anchor plant, absorb water and dissolved minerals and food storage

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22
Q
  1. What are the functions of a stem?
A

Manufacture and support and display leaves, and they conduct materials to and from leaves for photosynthesis

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23
Q
  1. Which trees are representative of the families in the phylum Coniferophyta?
A

Pine Cyprus redwood

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24
Q
  1. The pine tree releases male reproductive gametes contained in the what structure?
A

Pollen cones, males cones

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25
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of the Anthophytes?
A

Produce flowers

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26
Q
  1. What are monocots and dicots?
A

Flowering plants

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27
Q
  1. What ia a mature ovary is called?
A

Fruit

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28
Q
  1. Leaves that have netted venation belong to which class of trees?
A

Dicotalydonae

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29
Q
  1. A plant that grows year after year is called what?
A

Perennial

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30
Q
  1. What is the region of active cell division in a plant?
A

Meristematic region

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31
Q
  1. Cells that are undergoing mitosis are usually found where?
A

Meristematic region

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32
Q
  1. What is found in the sap of phloem tubes?
A

Sap, water, sugars

33
Q
  1. What do the vascular tissues do?
A

Transports water upwards and nutrients throughout the plant

34
Q
  1. A leaf in which the blade is divided into more than one part is said to be what?
A

Compound leaf

35
Q
  1. What are leaves called that lack petioles?
A

Sessile

36
Q
  1. What is the stalk portion of a leaf called?
A

Petiole

37
Q
  1. Which leaves have netted venation?
A

Dicot, Pinnate and palmate

38
Q
  1. The “fuzziness” of certain leaf surface is do to the presence of what structure?
A

Epidermal hairs

39
Q
  1. Why are stomata beneficial to the leaf?
A

Permit exchange of gases between atmosphere and leaf

40
Q
  1. What is a fibrovascular bundle in a leaf called?
A

Vein

41
Q
  1. What kind of tree loses its leaves in the fall?
A

Deciduous

42
Q
  1. What are the storage tissues in roots?
A

Cortex

43
Q
  1. What is a slender, horizontal, underground stem called?
A

Stolon

44
Q
  1. What is a collection of underground storage leaves branching from small discs of stems called?
A

Bulbs

45
Q
  1. A palm tree has what type of branching pattern?
A

Columnar

46
Q
  1. To survive through the winter months, what must a woody stem form in the fall?
A

Dormant buds

47
Q
  1. Hard, dark, inactive wood is called what?
A

Heartwood

48
Q
  1. The age of a tree and the change of weather conditions it went through as it grew can be determined by studying what?
A

Spring wood compared to summerwood

49
Q
  1. How does girdling kill a plant?
A

Starves roots

50
Q
  1. What happens when a plant is over fertilized?
A

It burns

51
Q
  1. What determines the amount of water that soil can contain?
A

Depends on the ground texture

52
Q
  1. What composes topsoil?
A

Humus, loames, living organisms

53
Q
  1. Is oxygen essential for roots to carry on cellular respiration?
A

Yes

54
Q
  1. Which kind of soil water is most readily available to plants?
A

Capliarity

55
Q
  1. What is the property of water molecules that causes them to stick together?
A

Cohesion

56
Q
  1. What is turgor?
A

Stiffness

57
Q
  1. Do plants eat food?
A

No, they absorb minerals

58
Q
  1. What is the main energy source for food manufactured in plants?
A

Sun

59
Q
  1. What is germination?
A

The beginning of the growth of an embryonic plant within a seed

60
Q
  1. Besides manganese, boron, and chlorine, what minor essential elements are needed for plant health?
A

Copper, molybdenum, zinc

61
Q
  1. What do the numbers 10-20-10 on a fertilizer bag mean?
A

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

62
Q
  1. What are plant auxins called?
A

Hormones

63
Q
  1. What is an etiolated plant?
A

Without light

64
Q
  1. What is the name of the period in which severe conditions cause a plant to stop growing?
A

Dormancy

65
Q
  1. Why do farmers use vegetative reproduction for plants that can reproduce sexually?
A

Ensure same genetic characteristics

66
Q
  1. How do tulips and daffodils reproduce?
A

Bulbs

67
Q
  1. What is(are) the primary goal(s) of sexual reproduction in plants?
A

Produce new plants and recombine genes into different groupings for genetic variability, variety

68
Q
  1. What is the sweet fluid that lures animals to flowers in order to help in pollination?
A

Nectar

69
Q
  1. What is the process called in which a stem is cut off of one plant and placed into contact with the stem of a rooted plant?
A

Grafting

70
Q
  1. What makes up a mature seed?
A

Endosperm, epicatale, radical

71
Q
  1. What is the stalk that supports the flower?
A

Pedicel

72
Q
  1. What is the enlarged end of the pedicel which bears the remainder of the flower parts?
A

Receptacle

73
Q
  1. What is the outermost ring of the flower which serves to protect the floral parts as they form in the bud?
A

Sepals

74
Q
  1. What are large, brightly colored floral parts called?
A

Petals

75
Q
  1. What is the male reproductive structure of a flower?
A

Stamen

76
Q
  1. What is the female reproductive structure of a flower?
A

pistil

77
Q
  1. List the three proper conditions that must exist before a plant will germinate.
A

Moisture, temp, oxygen

78
Q
  1. List the four main ways plants use water
A

Photosynthesis, turgor, hydrolysis, translocation

79
Q
  1. Name six major nutrient elements needed by plants.
A

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron

biology (11 decks)

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