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Biology > Chapters 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Chapters 7 and 8 Flashcards

0
Q

⭐️?What is a differentiated cell?

A

A specialized cell

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1
Q

Give examples of artificial and natural clones.

A

Artificial- dolly the sheep, seedless banana plant, natural- twins

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2
Q

?⭐️Can human brother-and-sister twins be clones?

A

No

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3
Q

What is a restriction enzyme?

A

DNA enzymes that snip DNA at specific sequences leaving several nucleotides unpaired

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4
Q

How is recombinant DNA formed?

A

Part of a gene is unattached from its original and reattached to another gene, pieces from different sources

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5
Q

Why is a plasmid important in genetic engineering?

A

It’s the most common vector

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6
Q

?Which body chemicals have been mass-produced with the help of genetic engineering?

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Why would it be impossible to clone a dinosaur from any DNA found in fossils?

A

Cells, not only dna, is needed?

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8
Q

Which Old Testament figure is portrayed in Scripture as using selective breeding methods to improve his livestock?

A

Jacob

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9
Q

What are some of the potential problems with current gene therapy?

A

Short duration, viral vector problems, immunity issues, multiple gene interactions

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10
Q

?Just after fertilization, a single-celled zygote would be described as what?

A

Fetus

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11
Q

Artificial cloned plants are reproduced by what method?

A

Asexually

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12
Q

After the totipotent cell is formed what is the progression of specialization in the cells that follow?

A

Totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent

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13
Q

Which crops are often a genetically modified form?

A

Corn, soybeans

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14
Q

Which crops are often propagated by artificial cloning?

A

Irish white potato, bananas

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15
Q

How is DNA fingerprinting used?

A

Criminal activity, justice, identification, identifying diseases

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16
Q

Give some examples of cloning in animals.

A

Dolly, pigs, rabbits, cats, mice, cows

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17
Q

?What biblical references shed light on doing stem cell research on unborn children?

A

Ps. 51:5, 139:13-16 genesis

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18
Q

What is a clone?

A

An exact genetic duplicate of a cell or organism

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19
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

The manipulation of genes by methods other than normal reproduction

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20
Q

Is it true that the work of the Human Genome Project revealed that vast amounts of the human genome are junk DNA that is essentially useless?

A

No, each gene controls something

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21
Q

How does genetic engineering work?

A

Gene bases are snipped and replaced

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22
Q

Explain DNA fingerprinting.

A

False, don’t look at whole genome

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23
Q

What is the goal of therapeutic cloning?

A

Produced cells for treatment of disease or research

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24
Some jellyfish and worms can clone themselves.
True
25
?Stem cells have been suggested as a possible future treatment for spinal cord injuries.
False
26
The sheep is the only mammal that has been successfully cloned.
False
27
One goal of gene therapy is to replace a malfunctioning gene with one that functions properly.
Yes true
28
A complete genetic record of a species is what?
Genome
29
What carries a new gene from one organism to another?
Vector
30
What is the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
If an organism acquires a characteristic, it can pass this characteristic on to its offspring
31
What was the possible source of the water in the great flood?
From the deep, and volcanos
32
What is the most common type of identifiable fossils?
Hard parts of animals, Bones teeth shells, plants
33
What reason can be given for believing in the universality of the Genesis Flood?
Sedimentary layers
34
Explain the carbon-14 cycle.
Page 183, trapped inorganic material for same time, true, no trapped longer
35
What are the basic beliefs of a Creationist?
God created the world, bible is truth
36
What is a fossil called that goes through several layers of rock?
Polystrate
37
What is the real age of the earth?
Around 6000 years old
38
The fact that many organisms produce more offspring than can actually survive is an important part of whose theory?
Theory of natural selection
39
What is creation with apparent age?
That creation was created mature
40
What reason can you give that indicate that dating methods using radioactive elements are unreliable?
They have been proven false many times, modern things have been dated millions of years old, not consistent
41
Who hypothesized that an organ that was not used would disappear from the species?
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
42
What are missing links?
All the transitional species that are missing
43
Darwin's finches and the various collections of the peppered moths in England demonstrate what?
Adaptation
44
?What are the basic components of Darwin's theory of evolution?
Some box on a page
45
What is theistic evolution?
Believing that God created the things to start evolution in the beginning
46
What viewpoint says that an old universe is combined with God-directed creative acts?
Gap theory
47
What is the day age theory?
That the days were actually millions of years, to give time for evolution
48
?Explain the gap theory.
That there was a large gap in between the beginning and the creation of things in the bible
49
What viewpoint states that creation took place in six consecutive twenty-four hours days?
Creationism
50
?Which “human” fossil is just like an ape?
A
51
?What “human” fossil was conjectured from a pig's tooth?
Nebraska man
52
?What “human” fossil was a practical joke?
Piltsown down man
53
?What “human” fossil was constructed from a bone, skull fragments, and a few teeth scattered over a riverbank?
Java man?
54
?What “human” fossil was just like modem man?
Neanderthal man
55
?What “human” fossil was speculated by many anthropologists to be man's oldest evolutionary relative?
Toumal mn
56
What literally means "before the flood"?
Post diluvian
57
What is a manmade object?
Human artifact
58
What are the surface features of the earth called?
Topography
59
?What is a phylogenetic tree?
A fossilized tree
60
What is artificial breeding?
?
61
?What does anthropology study?
Fossils
62
What is genetic load?
The number of mutations within an organism or a gene pool
63
What is punctuated equilibrium?
The theory that evolution occurs rapidly for a period of time followed by a long period of non-evolving before another period of evolution
64
?What topographic methods are used for dating various objects?
Carbon dating, radioactive
65
Where did Darwin travel and what was his role that helped him formulate his theory of evolution?
Galápagos Islands, he was a naturalist
66
What is scientism?
The belief that truth can only be found through knowledge
67
What is theistic evolution?
Same as other one
68
?Human artifacts found in coal and other rock layers give support to what theory?
Creationism
69
?What did James Ussher do?
?
70
What do ice ages refers to?
Periods were the world was covered in ice
71
One of the drawbacks to Darwin's theories is that in nature the fittest do not always reproduce.
True
72
What is enviromnental determinism?
The concept that the environment determines an individual's characteristic
73
?What did Hugo deVries do?
?
74
?Who uses the phrase "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"?
?
75
The rapid changes observed in some organisms due to natural selection are strong evidences for a biblical model of Creation and a universal flood.
True
76
What were once considered human vestigial organs?
Appendix, tonsils, etc..
77
What does genetic load refer to?
A
78
What is environmental determinism?
That they environment changes something's
79
What is the theory of punctuated equilibrium?
same as the other one
80
EC what are the results of believing in evolution?
- Man is not responsible to God because He does not exist - Man does not need a savior because there are no moral absolutes and thus no sin - Man is a highly evolved animal, not a special creation of God - Man's religion should be scientism

Biology (11 decks)

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