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Biology > Chapters 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Chapters 7 and 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

⭐️?What is a differentiated cell?

A

A specialized cell

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1
Q

Give examples of artificial and natural clones.

A

Artificial- dolly the sheep, seedless banana plant, natural- twins

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2
Q

?⭐️Can human brother-and-sister twins be clones?

A

No

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3
Q

What is a restriction enzyme?

A

DNA enzymes that snip DNA at specific sequences leaving several nucleotides unpaired

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4
Q

How is recombinant DNA formed?

A

Part of a gene is unattached from its original and reattached to another gene, pieces from different sources

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5
Q

Why is a plasmid important in genetic engineering?

A

It’s the most common vector

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6
Q

?Which body chemicals have been mass-produced with the help of genetic engineering?

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Why would it be impossible to clone a dinosaur from any DNA found in fossils?

A

Cells, not only dna, is needed?

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8
Q

Which Old Testament figure is portrayed in Scripture as using selective breeding methods to improve his livestock?

A

Jacob

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9
Q

What are some of the potential problems with current gene therapy?

A

Short duration, viral vector problems, immunity issues, multiple gene interactions

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10
Q

?Just after fertilization, a single-celled zygote would be described as what?

A

Fetus

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11
Q

Artificial cloned plants are reproduced by what method?

A

Asexually

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12
Q

After the totipotent cell is formed what is the progression of specialization in the cells that follow?

A

Totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent

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13
Q

Which crops are often a genetically modified form?

A

Corn, soybeans

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14
Q

Which crops are often propagated by artificial cloning?

A

Irish white potato, bananas

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15
Q

How is DNA fingerprinting used?

A

Criminal activity, justice, identification, identifying diseases

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16
Q

Give some examples of cloning in animals.

A

Dolly, pigs, rabbits, cats, mice, cows

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17
Q

?What biblical references shed light on doing stem cell research on unborn children?

A

Ps. 51:5, 139:13-16 genesis

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18
Q

What is a clone?

A

An exact genetic duplicate of a cell or organism

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19
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

The manipulation of genes by methods other than normal reproduction

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20
Q

Is it true that the work of the Human Genome Project revealed that vast amounts of the human genome are junk DNA that is essentially useless?

A

No, each gene controls something

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21
Q

How does genetic engineering work?

A

Gene bases are snipped and replaced

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22
Q

Explain DNA fingerprinting.

A

False, don’t look at whole genome

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23
Q

What is the goal of therapeutic cloning?

A

Produced cells for treatment of disease or research

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24
Q

Some jellyfish and worms can clone themselves.

A

True

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25
Q

?Stem cells have been suggested as a possible future treatment for spinal cord injuries.

A

False

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26
Q

The sheep is the only mammal that has been successfully cloned.

A

False

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27
Q

One goal of gene therapy is to replace a malfunctioning gene with one that functions properly.

A

Yes true

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28
Q

A complete genetic record of a species is what?

A

Genome

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29
Q

What carries a new gene from one organism to another?

A

Vector

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30
Q

What is the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A

If an organism acquires a characteristic, it can pass this characteristic on to its offspring

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31
Q

What was the possible source of the water in the great flood?

A

From the deep, and volcanos

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32
Q

What is the most common type of identifiable fossils?

A

Hard parts of animals, Bones teeth shells, plants

33
Q

What reason can be given for believing in the universality of the Genesis Flood?

A

Sedimentary layers

34
Q

Explain the carbon-14 cycle.

A

Page 183, trapped inorganic material for same time, true, no trapped longer

35
Q

What are the basic beliefs of a Creationist?

A

God created the world, bible is truth

36
Q

What is a fossil called that goes through several layers of rock?

A

Polystrate

37
Q

What is the real age of the earth?

A

Around 6000 years old

38
Q

The fact that many organisms produce more offspring than can actually survive is an important part of whose theory?

A

Theory of natural selection

39
Q

What is creation with apparent age?

A

That creation was created mature

40
Q

What reason can you give that indicate that dating methods using radioactive elements are unreliable?

A

They have been proven false many times, modern things have been dated millions of years old, not consistent

41
Q

Who hypothesized that an organ that was not used would disappear from the species?

A

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

42
Q

What are missing links?

A

All the transitional species that are missing

43
Q

Darwin’s finches and the various collections of the peppered moths in England demonstrate what?

A

Adaptation

44
Q

?What are the basic components of Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Some box on a page

45
Q

What is theistic evolution?

A

Believing that God created the things to start evolution in the beginning

46
Q

What viewpoint says that an old universe is combined with God-directed creative acts?

A

Gap theory

47
Q

What is the day age theory?

A

That the days were actually millions of years, to give time for evolution

48
Q

?Explain the gap theory.

A

That there was a large gap in between the beginning and the creation of things in the bible

49
Q

What viewpoint states that creation took place in six consecutive twenty-four hours days?

A

Creationism

50
Q

?Which “human” fossil is just like an ape?

A

A

51
Q

?What “human” fossil was conjectured from a pig’s tooth?

A

Nebraska man

52
Q

?What “human” fossil was a practical joke?

A

Piltsown down man

53
Q

?What “human” fossil was constructed from a bone, skull fragments, and a few teeth scattered over a riverbank?

A

Java man?

54
Q

?What “human” fossil was just like modem man?

A

Neanderthal man

55
Q

?What “human” fossil was speculated by many anthropologists to be man’s oldest evolutionary relative?

A

Toumal mn

56
Q

What literally means “before the flood”?

A

Post diluvian

57
Q

What is a manmade object?

A

Human artifact

58
Q

What are the surface features of the earth called?

A

Topography

59
Q

?What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

A fossilized tree

60
Q

What is artificial breeding?

A

?

61
Q

?What does anthropology study?

A

Fossils

62
Q

What is genetic load?

A

The number of mutations within an organism or a gene pool

63
Q

What is punctuated equilibrium?

A

The theory that evolution occurs rapidly for a period of time followed by a long period of non-evolving before another period of evolution

64
Q

?What topographic methods are used for dating various objects?

A

Carbon dating, radioactive

65
Q

Where did Darwin travel and what was his role that helped him formulate his theory of evolution?

A

Galápagos Islands, he was a naturalist

66
Q

What is scientism?

A

The belief that truth can only be found through knowledge

67
Q

What is theistic evolution?

A

Same as other one

68
Q

?Human artifacts found in coal and other rock layers give support to what theory?

A

Creationism

69
Q

?What did James Ussher do?

A

?

70
Q

What do ice ages refers to?

A

Periods were the world was covered in ice

71
Q

One of the drawbacks to Darwin’s theories is that in nature the fittest do not always reproduce.

A

True

72
Q

What is enviromnental determinism?

A

The concept that the environment determines an individual’s characteristic

73
Q

?What did Hugo deVries do?

A

?

74
Q

?Who uses the phrase “Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”?

A

?

75
Q

The rapid changes observed in some organisms due to natural selection are strong evidences for a biblical model of Creation and a universal flood.

A

True

76
Q

What were once considered human vestigial organs?

A

Appendix, tonsils, etc..

77
Q

What does genetic load refer to?

A

A

78
Q

What is environmental determinism?

A

That they environment changes something’s

79
Q

What is the theory of punctuated equilibrium?

A

same as the other one

80
Q

EC what are the results of believing in evolution?

A
  • Man is not responsible to God because He does not exist
  • Man does not need a savior because there are no moral absolutes and thus no sin
  • Man is a highly evolved animal, not a special creation of God
  • Man’s religion should be scientism

Biology (11 decks)

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