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APUSH > Chapters 6-7 test > Flashcards

Chapters 6-7 test Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was France a latecomer to conquer land in the new world?

A

(1500’s) France is convulsed in internal war between Roman Catholics and Protestant Huguenots

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2
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

(1598) the Catholic Crown offers limited toleration to French Protestants.

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3
Q

France’s main and first settlement in North America was what?

A

Quebec

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4
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A

Leading french North American who was a soldier and explorer. Became known as “Father of New France”

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5
Q

Quebec French became friendly allies to what Native Tribe?

A

the Huron Indians

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6
Q

New France (Canada) had what type of government?

A

Autocratic

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7
Q

Coreurs de bois

A

French fur trappers who helped french exploration in North America

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8
Q

Voyageurs

A

french explorers who recruited Natives to the fur trade.

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9
Q

Who besides fur trappers played a large role in French-North-American exploration?

A

Catholic Missionaries

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10
Q

Who founded Detroit?

A

Antoine Cadillac

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11
Q

What was the main purpose for the French establishing Louisiana?

A

To block off the Spanish from the rest of the Gulf of Mexico

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12
Q

King William’s War and Queen Annes War

A

France and Spain vs. British colonies, wars for land and power in the New World.

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13
Q

Peace Treaty at Utrecht gave Britain what French Territories

A

Acadia (Nova Scotia)
New Foundland
Hudson Bay

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14
Q

Britain gained limited trading rights with what country from the Utrecht Peace Treaty

A

Spain

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15
Q

What was the purpose of the War of Jenkin’s Ear?

A

Robert Jenkins had his ear cut off, and

Spain was smuggling around Britains trading rights

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16
Q

Where did the War of Jenkin’s Ear take place?

A

Georgia and the Carribean

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17
Q

King George’s War

A

English successfully invade New France fortress of Louisbourg.

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18
Q

Why were the british colonists mad about the peace treaty of 1748 with France

A

It handed Louisbourg back to the French

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19
Q

Which river was the main area of contention between the French and British

A

The Ohio

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20
Q

Who did the governor of Virginia send to fight the French, in order to secure Virginian land claims?

A

Washington

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21
Q

Which ethnic group was displace to the south by the British in order to prevent an uprising during British-French conflicts

A

French Acadians

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22
Q

The French and Indian War, and the Seven Year’s War were caused by what?

A

territorial tensions in North America between the British and French along the Ohio River Valley

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23
Q

Where was the French and Indian War fought?

A

North America

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24
Q

Where was the Seven Years War fought?

A

America, Europe, The West Indies, the Philippines, Africa, and the ocean

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25
Q

What were the sides to the Seven Year War?

A

Britain, Prussia, vs. France, Spain, Austria, Russia

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26
Q

Who won the Seven Year War?

A

Britain and Prussia

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27
Q

What was the purpose of the Albany Conference?

A

To unify the colonies, and to appease the Natives.

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28
Q

Who tried to capture Fort Dusquesne in 1755

A

General Braddock

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29
Q

Who defeated Braddock at Fort Dusquesne?

A

The Iroquois

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30
Q

What did the easy victory at Fort Dusquesne encourage the Indians to do?

A

Kill/scalp many colonial towns, Indians revolted

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31
Q

Why did Britain’s initial invasion of Canada fail?

A

They tried to attack multiple small locations simultaneously, spread themselves to thin.

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32
Q

Who was William Pitt?

A

British Military strategist who was admired by “the common folk”

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33
Q

What Fort did Pitt siege in 1758?

A

Louisbourg

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34
Q

Why was the Battle of Quebec significant?

A

French power in North America was completely erased, and made Britain the dominant power.

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35
Q

Why did British soldier dislike the colonists?

A

They were immature in battle, and had no restraint. And would illegally sell food to enemy France and Spain

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36
Q

Why were the colonies disunified?

A

Differences in religion, income, and geography

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37
Q

Why did chief Pontiac start his Native-American uprising?

A

He sensed that his people were in a powerless position

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38
Q

What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?

A

To prevent another Native American uprising

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39
Q

What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?

A

Prevented the colonists from settling west of the Appalachians

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40
Q

why did Britain heavily tax the colonists?

A

Had to pay for war debts and the price of a ver large empire

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41
Q

What was republicanism?

A

Form of government in which people were governed by their consent, and sacrificed their selfish interests to the good of the people.

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42
Q

Who were the radical Whigs?

A

group of political commentators that said the monarch and autocratic government of Britain was a threat to liberty

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43
Q

Why did the colonies feel not very close to the Motherland?

A

Distance from England promoted a separate way of life in the colonies

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44
Q

What was mercantilism?

A

Policy around the basis that a country’s success is based upon the amount of gold and silver in its treasury

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45
Q

What were the Navigation Laws?

A

Mercantilist policies that made all American exports stop in a British port before being shipped to another country.

46
Q

Why was America facing a currency crisis?

A

Would buy more products from Britain than sell, and were forced to pay in gold or silver. America did not produce its own gold or silver, had a shortage on hard currency

47
Q

What did the currency crisis cause Americans to do?

A

create their own paper money

48
Q

Why was smuggling very prevalent in the colonies?

A

British had many restrictive trade laws, but they were loosely enforced

49
Q

Why was a close relationship with Britain valuable to the colonies?

A

Provided a market for tobacco and ship parts. Britain provided military

50
Q

Why was Prime Minister George Grenville disliked by the colonists?

A

He enforced the Navigation Laws, passed the Sugar Act, and the Quartering Act

51
Q

What was the Stamp Tax

A

Each time a stamp was used in the colonies, colonists were taxed.

52
Q

Why did Parliament think that the taxes and acts were fair?

A

All Britons already paid the same taxes, and Britain was providing military services.

53
Q

What were admiralty courts?

A

Jury-less court which tried defendants by evidence and the admirals/ / judges who ran the court.

54
Q

Why did colonists wants to be represented in Parliament?

A

Wanted to be represented for taxing

55
Q

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

A

Assembly of 27 delegates from 9 colonies, wanted to send Parliament a formal repeal of the Stamp Act

56
Q

What was achieved at the Stamp Act Congress?

A

Letter to Parliament wasn’t effective, the Congress did bring a sense of unity to the colonies.

57
Q

What were nonimportation agreements?

A

America made more home goods and bought less from Britain

58
Q

Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?

A

Group of seperatists who punished people who did not follow nonimportation agreements

59
Q

What did American boycotts of British goods do to England?

A

Put many English manufacturers and laborers out of business

60
Q

What act was created with the repeal of the Stamp Act?

A

The Declaratory Act

61
Q

What did the Declaratory Act do?

A

gave Britain complete sovereignty and power over the colonies

62
Q

What were the Townshend acts?

A

light, indirect import duties on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea

63
Q

What did all the new acts promote?

A

smuggling

64
Q

Why did Britain put two troops of soldiers in Boston?

A

The presence of law breaking and disobedience

65
Q

Why did the British Troops shoot the colonists in the Boston “Massacre”?

A

Colonists were taunting and provoking the troops

66
Q

Why were the Townshend acts repealed?

A

colonists refusal of the law made the acts produce little revenue

67
Q

Who swayed the public opinion toward opposing Britain?

A

Samuel Adams

68
Q

What were committees of correspondence?

A

committees that created and spread letters to the public to spread rebellious spirit

69
Q

why were colonists angry again in 1773, when there were so little taxes?

A

The British East India company was docked in Boston port, and was selling directly to the colonists

70
Q

What was the Boston Tea party?

A

Bostonians disguised as Indians boarded the tea ship and dumped more than 342 chests of tea in the Boston Harbor

71
Q

What were the Intolerable Acts

A

Closed Boston Port until damages were paid
Quartering Act put British Soldiers and Officials in private homes
Charters such as the Massachusetts Bay Colony were taken away

72
Q

What was the Quebec Act?

A

French Quebec people were guaranteed their catholicism, keep their customs, and the Quebec boundaries were increased.

73
Q

Why did American colonists hate the quebec act?

A

it prevented the westward expansion of the colonies

74
Q

What was the purpose of the First Colonial Congress?

A

to consider ways of redressing colonial grievances.

75
Q

What was the Declaration of Rights and who proposed them?

A

John Adam proposed them, declared an America under self-rule under British Direction

76
Q

What was The Association?

A

Called for a complete boycott on all British good

77
Q

How did Parliament receive the colonies Declaration of Rights?

A

They rejected them

78
Q

Why were British Troops deployed to Lexington and Conchord?

A

Rebel colonists had gunpowder and arms.

79
Q

Who was the successful ambassador for the American colonies?

A

Benjamin Franklin

80
Q

Why did separating from Britain cause an economic crisis?

A

Congress had to print its own money

81
Q

Who did America get the majority of its arms and military power from?

A

France

82
Q

Why did the Americans lose at the Battle of Bunker Hill?

A

They ran out of ammo and supplies

83
Q

What was the olive branch petition?

A

Created by Congress during the war to profess Americas loyalty towards Britain

84
Q

Why didnt the Olive Branch Petition work?

A

Britain had already declared the colonies in a state of rebellion

85
Q

What were Hessians?

A

German mercenary soldiers who were hired by Britain to fight in the Revolution

86
Q

Why did America fail to conquer Canada?

A

Canada had no desire to be ruled by “non-catholics” and managed to fight off the invasion

87
Q

What is “Evacuation Day”?

A

Day in which Bostonians managed to make all British officials “evacuate Boston”

88
Q

What was Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”?

A

Supported a separation from Britain, called the king a “tyrant”, and called all colonists supportive of Britain as people defying common sense

89
Q

what was republicanism?

A

idea to form a government in which the people decide their officials, and sacrifice their needs for the good of the people

90
Q

who was the first person to push forward the idea of independence?

A

Richard Henry Lee

91
Q

Why was the Declaration of Independence formally written?

A

to give the colonists a cause to fight, to make the cause of independence justified, and to make declaration formal

92
Q

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

93
Q

Who were the Loyalists?

A

People who were loyal to the crown, and did not want to separate from Britain, followed the Tory political party

94
Q

Who were the patriots?

A

People who wanted to separate from Britain, followed the Whig party.

95
Q

Who were mainly loyalists?

A

Anglican or old people

96
Q

What was the Battle of Long Island?

A

George Washington’s “planned retreat” from Britain, as he tried to escape from Long Island

97
Q

Why was France so willing to assist America against Britain?

A

They wanted to get revenge on Britain from their humiliating defeat

98
Q

What was the significance of America’s victory at Saratoga?

A

It revived the cause of the revolution to the colonists, and convinced France to join the fight

99
Q

What was the Model Treaty?

A

Foreign policy document that advised America that when forming alliances, to only become involved commercially with another country, not in politics, or military

100
Q

what did Britain offer America after the Battle of Saratoga?

A

Self-government under the British Empire

101
Q

Who else besides France joined the fight along the sides of the Americans?

A

Spain and Holland

102
Q

What did countries neutral to Britain do to make them aggressive towards them?

A

They signed the Armed Neutrality, in which neutral countries chose to be passive aggressive towards them,

103
Q

Which American General turned Traitor and allied with the British?

A

Benedict Arnold

104
Q

Who was the chief and leader of the Native Americans who sided with the British during the Revolutionary War?

A

Joseph Brant

105
Q

What was the Treaty of Fort Stanwix?

A

Treaty signed between the colonists and Native Americans, after the colonists defeated the Natives in the back countries of New York and Pennsylvania

106
Q

Who was George Rogers Clark?

A

Frontiersman who captured British Forts along the Ohio River

107
Q

What were privateers?

A

Privately-owned fighter ships that mainly attacked British supple ships

108
Q

How was America negatively affected during the War?

A

Heavy inflation, lack of colonial unity, bankrupt government, mutinous army

109
Q

Where did the last major Battle of the War take place

A

Yorktown

110
Q

Why was Britain willing to surrender to America at the end of the Revolution?

A

Britain was facing restlessness in its other colonies.
British people were tried of the War
Lord North’s Tory Ministry collapsed to a Whig Ministry

111
Q

Why did Britain give such generous conditions to the Peace Treaty?

A

Wanted to reopen trade, prevent future wars, and the Whig party like America

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