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APUSH > Chapter 9-12 test > Flashcards

Chapter 9-12 test Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Society of Cincinnati

A

Continental army officers, very pretentious, looked down upon

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2
Q

Disestablished

A

The Anglican Church fell, tainted by the association with the British Crown, reformed as the Episcopal Church

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3
Q

Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom

A

passed by Thomas Jefferson, which ended final struggle between religion and government in Virginia

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4
Q

Civic Virtue

A

democracy depended on virtue and commitment from citizens

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5
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Shortly before independence in1776, Congress appointed a committee to draft a written constitution for new nation

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6
Q

Old Northwest

A

area of land northwest of the Ohio River, east of Mississippi River and south of Great Lakes

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7
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Old Northwest was divided into grid-townships system, land was to be surveyed and sold, was used to help pay off national debt

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8
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

dealt with governing populating lands of the northwest .two evolutionary stages to a territory’s government
territory is subordinate to federal government, one population reaches 60,000, it is considered a state

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9
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A 
War veteran / poor farmer, rebelled with other war veterans / poor farmers who lost farms due to mortgage foreclosures
demanded:
state issues paper money
lighten taxes
suspend property takeovers .
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10
Q

How was Shay’s Rebellion Handled?

A

Massachusetts raised an army, crushed rebellion, conservatives didn’t want “mobocracy”

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11
Q

Virginia Plan

A

scrap the Articles of Confederation, represent both houses of Congress should be based on population, giving larger states an advantage

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12
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

provided equal representation in a single Congress by states, regardless of size and population, as under the existing Articles of Confederation

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13
Q

Great Compromise

A

House of Representatives would be population based, Senate would have equal representatives from all states (two).

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14
Q

Common Law

A

Anglo-American legal tradition, shorter constitution

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15
Q

Civil Law

A

traditions prevailed; constitutions took the form of elaborate legal codes, super long constitution.

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16
Q

Three fifths compromise

A

slaves’ votes were counted as three fifths of a white voter. compromise was disliked in the north, it favored the south

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17
Q

Anti federalists

A

opposed federal government, denounced dropping of annual election for congressional representatives, the erecting of a federal stronghold, a standing army, omission of any reference to god, and the procedure of ratifying with only 2/3s of states, supported by Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, wanted states rights, supported in general by lower class

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18
Q

Federalists

A

favored federal government, supported by George Washington, Ben Franklin, members were richer, better organized who controlled the press

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19
Q

“The Federalist”

A

John Jay and James Madison created widely sold book and newspaper advocating federalist perspectives

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20
Q

Lord Shetfield

A

argued persuasively in a widely sold pamphlet that Britain would win back America’s Trade, so they should not negotiate with America

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21
Q

Daniel Shay’s

A

war veteran / farmer who started Shays Rebellion

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22
Q

Patrick Henry

A

champion of States rights, did not go to constitution committee because he was paranoid

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23
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First ten amendments to the Constitution, protected civil liberties, promoted central government

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24
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

organized the Supreme Court, with a chief justice and five associates as well as the federal district and circuit courts, John Jay first chief justice

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25
Q

Funding at Par

A

federal government would pay off the debts at face value plus the accumulated interest, Congress passed the measure in 1790

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26
Q

Assumption

A

the national government picked up all the states debts, tried to tie the states closer as a nation, made states with high debts happy, made states with low debts mad

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27
Q

Tariff

A

imposing taxes of about 8 percent on the value of dutiable imports, passed by congress in 1789

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28
Q

Excise Tax

A

1791, taxed whiskey which was a staple back then

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29
Q

Bank of United States

A

advocated by Alexander Hamilton, federal government would own one fifth, the rest was open to public sale

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30
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Pennsylvania in 1794, made many farmers mad at the tax on the commodity

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31
Q

How was the Whiskey Rebellion handled?

A

Washington gathered militias to put down the rebellion

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32
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Led by Robespierre in France

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33
Q

Neutrality Proclamation

A

Issued in 1793 to stay out of world wars and conflicts, be a neutral provider

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34
Q

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A

1794 General “Mad Anthony” Wayne defeated the Miami Indian Confederacy, British failed to offer Indian protection

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35
Q

Treaty of Greenville

A

August 1795, the Indian confederacy gave up large amounts of Land of the Old Northwest

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36
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

John Jay made Treaty with Britain, Britain promised to evacuate the chain of posts in America, pay for seizures from recent seizures and impressments, America had to pay debts still owed to British merchants on Pre-Revolutionary attacks made a lot of people mad

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37
Q

Pinckney’s Treaty

A

1795, Spain feared British-American Alliance, Spain offers America rights to the Mississippi, and other rights to Spanish America

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38
Q

Farewell Adress

A

George Washington’s address to the American people as he leave presidency. encouraged no alliances (unless under “extreme circumstances”

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39
Q

XYZ Affair

A

While American envoys were in Paris to discuss diplomacy, three go-betweens demanded huge amounts of money for the Americans to speak to diplomats made many americans mad, Federalists were happy

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40
Q

Convention of 1800

A

Adams avoids war with France by paying damage claims of American Shippers, avoids war with France

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41
Q

Alien Laws

A

president had the power to deport dangerous foreigners in time of peace and to imprison them in times of hostilities

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42
Q

Sedition Act

A

act slapped at the rights of freedom of speech and press, president had power to imprison or fine people who wrote or said anything to defame the government

43
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A

Virginia plans written by James Madison, Kentucky written by Jefferson, said the federal government was a creation of the states, and that the states had the right to say when the federal government had stepped out of line

44
Q

Louis XVI

A

French king before Napoleon Bonaparte

45
Q

Edmont Genet

A

Representative from French republic, encouraged people to join French alliance, invade spanish America, was banished from america

46
Q

Little Turtle

A

Led the Miami Confederacy who defeated Harmar and St. Clair

47
Q

“Mad Anthony” Wayne

A

won the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 when he defeated the Miami Confederacy

48
Q

John Jay

A

Jay’s Treaty

49
Q

John Adam

A

avoided War with France

50
Q

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

A

Prime Minister of France

51
Q

Revolution of 1800

A

Referred to Thomas Jefferson being elected, not much of a revolution, Jefferson barely won

52
Q

Patronage

A

practice rewarding political support with special favors, often in form of public office

53
Q

Judiciary Act of 1801

A

created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices

54
Q

Midnight Judges

A

Federalist commissioned judges

55
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Supreme Court case that established the principle of “judicial review” the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality

56
Q

Tripolitan War

A

Four Year conflict between American navy and African pirates, small gunboats used

57
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

bought the entire area for 15 million from the French, French Louisianan’s culture and government is kept, and accepted as equal citizenship

58
Q

Corps of Discovery

A

Lewis and Clark explore northern part of Louisiana territory with help from Sacajawea

59
Q

Orders in Council

A

closed the European ports under French control to foreign shipping, including American unless they stopped at British ports first

60
Q

Impressment

A

forcible enlistment of sailors, British took American soldiers

61
Q

Chesapeake Affair

A

a royal British frigate overhauls a U.S. frigate, British demanded surrender, Americans didn’t, Britons open fired and killed some people

62
Q

Embargo Act

A

forbade the export of all goods from the United States

63
Q

Non-intercourse Act

A

formally reopened trade with the rest of the world except Britain and France

64
Q

Marcon’s Bill No. 2

A

dismantled the embargo completely with a bargaining measure, either France or Britain repeals their embargoes and the other one is blocked

65
Q

War Hawks

A

young hot headed people who wanted war with Britain

66
Q

Battle of Tippecanoe

A

1811 William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory gathers an army and advances on Tecumseh’s Headquarters at Tippecanoe Rivers, Natives destroyed

67
Q

Sally Hemings

A

Jefferson’s Slave affair lover

68
Q

Albert Gallatin

A

“Watchdog of the Treasury”, agreed with Jefferson, national debt was bad, didn’t follow Hamiltonian economic systems

69
Q

John Marshall

A

Chief Justice, lifelong Federalist, strength of the federal government

70
Q

Samuel Chase

A

Supreme Court Justice that Jefferson hated

71
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

French dictator that sold Louisiana

72
Q

Robert R. Livingston

A

American minister was in Paris working out Gulf of Mexico at New Orleans, bought all of Louisiana

73
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

ex slave and military leader, betrayed by France, led slave rebellion in Haiti and set up the first black government in the New Worlds

74
Q

Meriwether Lewis and Willian Clark

A

explored Northern Louisiana Purchase

75
Q

Aaron Burr

A

Jefferson’s first vice president, wanted New England and New York to secede, killed Hamilton, became spy for the Spanish, tried to get western Louisians to be bought by the Spanish

76
Q

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa

A

the Shawnee brothers, made confederacy of all tribes east of the Mississippi

77
Q

War of 1812

A

War between United States and Britain over the issues of trade and impressment, ended in a tie, showed Americas willingness to fight for its beliefs

78
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

American Forces lead by Andrew Jackson defeated the British, restores American confidence and nationalism in the war

79
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

ended the War of 1812 in a draw, restores prewar borders, did not address initial grievances

80
Q

Hartford Convention

A

Federalists from New England colonies opposed war, New England state prospered from illegally selling to British during War, wanted congress to financially reimburse them, and wanted a 2/3 vote agreement rule in the congress

81
Q

Rush-Bagot Agreement

A

signed by Britain and United States, established limits on naval warfare in the great lakes

82
Q

Tariff of 1816

A

used to protect American goods from being out competed by ridiculously low-priced British goods that were flooding the market

83
Q

American System

A

Henry Clay’s three-pronged system to promote American industry, advocated strong federal bank, protective tariff, and federally funded transportation network

84
Q

Era of Good Feelings

A

Republican rule during James Monroe’s presidency, there were still problems with slavery and the national bank / economy.

85
Q

Panic of 1819

A

Severe financial crisis brought on primarily by the efforts of the federal Bank to curb over speculation on western lands, poor classes severely hit

86
Q

Land Act of 1820

A

Strengthened te west, authorized buyer to purchase eighty virgin acres at a minimum of 1.25 an acre, many benefits to the west

87
Q

Tallmadge Amendment

A

failed proposal to prohibit importation of slaves into Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation, Southerners didn’t like it, saw it as a threat to “slavery balance”

88
Q

peculiar institution

A

slavery

89
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

allowed Missouri to enter Union as a slave state, but carved Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibited slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase North of the 36-30 line

90
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Supreme Court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the uNITED sTATES BY ESTABLISHING THEAT THE sTATE of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank

91
Q

loose construction

A

legal doctrine which holds that the federal government can use powers not specifically granted or prohibited in the constitution to carry out its mandated responsibilities

92
Q

Cohens v. Virginia

A

Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the supreme court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government, Cohen brothers found guilty of selling illegal lottery tickers, states rights proponents mad

93
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters, ruling reasserted that Congress has the cole power to regulate interstate commerce

94
Q

Fletcher v. Peck

A

established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the supreme court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the constitution, when Georgia government granted 35 million acres of land

95
Q

Dartmouth v. Woodward

A

Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University’s original royal charter against changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, protecting from domination by state governments

96
Q

Anglo-American Convention

A

negotiated by James Monroe, signed by British and the United States, pact allowed New England fisherman access to Newfoundland fisheries, established northern Border of Louisiana along the Canadian border, and agreed to share Oregon territory

97
Q

Florida Purchase Treaty

A

Spain cedes Florida to the United States in exchange for Texas

98
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Statement given by James Monroe warning European powers from seeking any new territories in America,

99
Q

Russo American Treaty

A

Fixed the 54-40 line as the southernmost boundary to Russian holdings in North America

100
Q

Isaac Brock

A

British General who led the Natives and the Canadians to defen their land

101
Q

Oliver Hazard Perry

A

masterfully commanded naval fleet on Lake Erie, against British Canadian Fleets

102
Q

Thomas Macdonough

A

won a battle at the Lake Camplain Waterway near Pittsburgh, major victory

103
Q

Francis Scott Key

A

Wrote the star spangled banner while imprisoned and watching the British bombard America

104
Q

George Canning

A

British Foreign secretary, asked if America would be interested in joint declaration telling other countries to stay away from Latin America

APUSH (9 decks)

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