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APUSH > Chapters 1-5 test > Flashcards

Chapters 1-5 test Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Pangaea was a single supercontinent that existed when?

A

225 millions years ago

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2
Q

the appalachians were formed how long ago?

A

350 million years ago

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3
Q

north america took its basic geological shape how long ago?

A

10 million years ago

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4
Q

Canadian Shield

A

Massive, anchored land rock that helped shape the basic shape of North America

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5
Q

The Great Ice Age was how many years ago?

A

2 million years ago

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6
Q

Glaciers had what affect on North America?

A
  1. scoured topsoil
  2. Depressed level of Canadian Shield
  3. Scoured topsoil
  4. Formed the Great Lakes and the Mississippi
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7
Q

People came to America across what land bridge?

A

The Bering Sea Land-Bridge 35,000 years agp

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8
Q

Land Bridge disappeared how long ago?

A

10,000 years ago

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9
Q

What was the Staple food for the Pueblos, the Aztecs, and the Mayans

A

CORN

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10
Q

Whats was Cahokia?

A

Settlement created by the Mississippian Natives that housed 25,000 people

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11
Q

Three sister farming

A

System of planting that used corn, squash, and beans

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12
Q

Who was the famous leader of the Iroquois?

A

Hiawatha

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13
Q

Who were the first Europeans to Discover Europe?

A

The Norse

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14
Q

Europe was interested in The New World Because of

A

Sugar, gold, rice, and other “luxuries”

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15
Q

Which Explorer claimed to have journeyed China for 20 years, which wetted European appetite for exploring, and in what year?

A

Marco Polo (1295)

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16
Q

Who developed the Caravel ship?

A

The Portugese

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17
Q

Which European power was the first to explore sub saharan Africa?

A

the Portugese

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18
Q

The Portugese established trade posts with local African Tribes in order to obtain what resources?

A

gold and slaves

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19
Q

Who rounded the southern tip of “the dark Continent” and in what year?

A

Bartholomieu Dias 1488

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20
Q

Who was the first European to reach India and in what year?

A

Vasco de Gama 1458

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21
Q

When did Christopher Colombus reach the Americas?

A

October 12, 1492

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22
Q

What was the number one European killer?

A

Disease

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23
Q

Treaty of Tordesailles was between what two countries and in what year?

A

1492, Portugal and Spain

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24
Q

Who was the dominant European power in the Americas during the 1500’s?

A

Spain

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25
Q

Who discovered the Pacific Ocean?

A

Nunez Balboa

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26
Q

Who’s vessel circumnavigated the globe?

A

One of Magellan’s

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27
Q

Who explored Florida?

A

Juan Ponce de Leon

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28
Q

Who explored New Mexico, Arizona, and Kansas

A

Francisco Coronado

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29
Q

Where were the “West Indies”

A

The Caribbeans

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30
Q

What did Spain use the West Indies for?

A

As bases for men, horses, and storing supplies

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31
Q

Encomienda

A

Slave system in which the government gives away slaves if the masters promise to convert the slaves

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32
Q

Who sailed from Cuba to Mexico in order to plunder the Incans?

A

Hernando Cortes

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33
Q

Who was the famous leaders of the Aztecs?

A

Moctezuma

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34
Q

What is the “Sad Night”?

A

The Spanish get attacked by the Aztecs

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35
Q

Spanish created fortresses to

A

fortify their borders, protect themselves from other nations, and to convert more natives

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36
Q

What was The Battle of Acoma?

A

Spanish against Pueblo

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37
Q

What was Popes Rebellion?

A

Pueblo people fighting the Catholic Church

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38
Q

Who did the French send down the Mississippi?

A

Robert de la Salle

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39
Q

Who started the string of Spanish missions up the Californian Coast?

A

Father Junipero Serra in San Diego

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40
Q

Black Legend

A

European Reputation that all Europeans do is kill and steal from Natives

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41
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

King Henry VIII breaks away from Catholic Church as a Protestant. Protestant vs. Catholic conflicts begin

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42
Q

Sir Francis Drake

A

English Pirate who plunders Spanish ships and brings back fortune to England

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43
Q

Roanoke Island

A

Colonized by Sir Walter Raleigh. Later it mysteriously vanishes.

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44
Q

The Protestant Wind

A

130 Spanish ships get destroyed by English Navy, they are then scattered by a strong storm

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45
Q

What depression in a trade left to thousands of english poor and homeless?

A

Woolen Trade Depression

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46
Q

Primogeniture

A

Only Eldest Sons Inherited wealth and land

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47
Q

Joint Stock Company

A

Company in which its capital was made up of a pool of investors’ money

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48
Q

Virginia Company

A

Joint Stock Company that received charter from King James I to settle new World

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49
Q

Jamestown

A

founded May 24, 1607

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50
Q

John Smith

A

Lead the diseased Virginians to fight off Natives and Survive

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51
Q

What was life like in early Virginia?

A

Massive Disease outbreaks, major casualties

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52
Q

Powhattans

A

Native Americans who had tense relationships with English colonists

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53
Q

First Anglo-Powhattan War

A

De La Warr leads war against natives (1610), treaty end war in 1614

54
Q

Second Anglo-Powhattan War

A

(1644) Natives try one more push against colonists, were beaten and banished from the territory

55
Q

What cash crop changed the culture of Virginia?

A

Tobacco

56
Q

Who founded Maryland?

A

Lord Baltimore

57
Q

Maryland prospered on what crop?

A

Tobacco

58
Q

Indentured Servants

A

White laborers who agreed to work in the New World in exchange for free Trans Atlantic passage, and amenities in the New World

59
Q

Act of Toleration

A

Catholics sign treaty with Protestants, because they felt threatened

60
Q

Was Maryland religiously tolerant?

A

Yes, defended rights of Christians AND Catholics

61
Q

What was the cash crop of the Caribbean

A

Sugar

62
Q

What was the race of the majority of the population in the Caribbean’s?

A

Black

63
Q

Barbados Slave Code

A

Allowed white slave owners to inflict cruel physical punishment on blacks

64
Q

Who was the first American stat to adopt the Barbados Slave Code?

A

Carolina

65
Q

who founded Carolina?

A

Displaced Farmers

66
Q

Why was Parliament mutinous to King Charles?

A

because he dismissed them

67
Q

Who increased royal involvement in the American colonies?

A

King Charles II

68
Q

Which state prospered by supplying goods to Barbados?

A

Carolina

69
Q

Which native tribe did Carolina attack in 1707?

A

The Savannah Indians

70
Q

What Became an important cash crop in Carolina?

A

Rice

71
Q

What was a busy sea port town in Carolina

A

Charles Town

72
Q

Who was North Carolina’s original population?

A

sqatters to poor for Virginia

73
Q

Squatter

A

somebody who lives on land they do not have legal rights to

74
Q

What was North Carolinas reputation?

A

didn’t respect authority, irreligious

75
Q

The Tuscarora War

A

Battle for land between the Tuscarora Indians and North and South Carolina (1711)

76
Q

What was the main reason for the establishment of Georgia?

A

To act as a “buffer” against Spaniards, Natives, and French

77
Q

Who was Ogelthorpe?

A

Philanthropist, millitary leader, lead massive reforms in imprisonment rights

78
Q

What were the main characteristics of a plantation colony?

A

Rivers
Lack of Schools
Slaves
Some Form of Religious Tolerance

79
Q

Who started the Protestant Reformation in England?

A

Martin Luther

80
Q

What was Calvinism?

A

Man is weak, God is omnipotent, one must follow god or else go to hell

81
Q

What was Puritanism?

A

Christian Branch that believed the Church had many unnecessary practices, wanted to “purify” Church of England, or separate

82
Q

Who harassed the Puritans to migrate?

A

King James

83
Q

Where did the Mayflower end its voyage?

A

Plymouth / New England

84
Q

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A

Contract signed on the Mayflower stating that the colonists would decide what was best for the colony by majority

85
Q

What was winter like for the New England Colonists?

A

Major casualties

86
Q

Who was William Bradford?

A

New England Governor who was elected 30 times

87
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Non separatist puritans who got royal charter.

88
Q

The Great Migration

A

70,000 religious / political refugees leave England for the New World

89
Q

Who was the only religious group allowed to vote in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A

Puritans

90
Q

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

A

Woman debater who caused religious problems in Massachusetts.

91
Q

Who was Roger Williams?

A

wanted a complete break from church of England, questioned Bay Colony charter for not compensating Natives, established Rhode Island

92
Q

Rhode Island had reputation of being what?

A

religiously tolerant / liberal

93
Q

What were the Fundamental Orders?

A

Charter made in Connecticut, gave a lot of political power to the people

94
Q

The Pequot War

A

Pilgrims and Narragasset Indians vs. Pequot Tribe over land, Pequots were beaten

95
Q

King Phillip’s War

A

Native Leader Metacom leads native revolt against white people, 52 Puritan Villages attacked.

96
Q

The New England Confederation

A

Formed by four colonies to defend each other from enemies and share resources

97
Q

Dominion of New England

A

Group organized by the crown, wanted to replace the New England Confederation

98
Q

Navigation Laws

A

Ruined American trade with nations other than Britain, made America pay a fee for English middleman

99
Q

Dutch West Trading Company

A

Dutch Organization that remained in the Caribbean, ran slave trade, raided spanish ships.

100
Q

Patroonship

A

Feudal Dutch Estates

101
Q

Who conquered Dutch New Amsterdam?

A

The English Duke of York

102
Q

Who established Pennsylvania?

A

William Penn

103
Q

What was Pennsylvania like?

A

Religiously tolerant
Friendly to Natives
Liberal

104
Q

Why were Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware, and New Jersey known as “bread colonies?

A

Heavy Grain Exports

105
Q

What was life like in early Chesapeake?

A

Hard, full of disease

106
Q

The Head Right System

A

System in which a master would pay for the passage of an indentured servant across the Atlantic, and in return would gain 50 acres of land

107
Q

Why were indentured servants becoming angry?

A

Land and benefits were becoming increasingly harder to supply to them

108
Q

What was Bacon’s rebellion?

A

Nathaniel Bacon and 1,000 other angry indentured servants run governor Berkley out of Jamestown, and then they torch the capital

109
Q

What did the loss of the Royal African Company do for America?

A

It made it possible for American to cash in on the slave trade

110
Q

New York Slave Revolt

A

Slaves revolt against masters, 9 whites dead

111
Q

South Carolina Slave Revolt

A

50 slave try to escape to Spanish Florida, but are caught by the local militia

112
Q

What were the wealth gaps like in the South?

A

Large

113
Q

Congregational Churches

A

New England place for town meetings, where mean with property could discuss happening and orders in the community

114
Q

The Jeremiad

A

Type of preaching in which the priest would scorn the people for sin

115
Q

The Half Way Covenant

A

Baptized people were “half admitted”, and had to attend church more to be fully accepted

116
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

Moment of paranoia in New English history in which the Church spent countless trials on executing “bewitched” women

117
Q

Leisler’s Rebellion

A

Fight between lordly land owners and lower class workers

118
Q

The four main cities were what in the 17th century?

A

Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Charleston

119
Q

Paxton Boys

A

Scots-Irish men who killed natives in protest of the Quakers peaceful relations with them

120
Q

Where was most of the wealth in the Colonies concentrated?

A

(1700’s) plantation south

121
Q

Triangular Trade

A

New England, to Africa, to The West Indies, back to New England

122
Q

The Molasses Act

A

Ruined American Trade with French West Indies, made America buy molasses exclusively from Britain

123
Q

Arminionism

A

Free will will bring you to heaven, not predestination

124
Q

Johnathan Edwards

A

believed that free will was folly, only through predestination and devotion to god could one go to heaven, started Great Awakening

125
Q

The Great Awakening

A

Surge of religious conversions and fear of hell

126
Q

George Whitfield

A

Orator preaching style that accused audience members of horrible sin, and caused lots of conversions

127
Q

What were colleges’ main purposes?

A

to train boys for ministry

128
Q

Phillis Wheately

A

Girl who overcame poor background to become famous american poet

129
Q

The Zenger Trial

A

Trial in which John Zenger is accused of twisting truth due to accusation of royal governor. Freedom of press is demonstrated when Zenger wins the trial

130
Q

What were the two government branches?

A

The upper branch: royal governors

The lower branch: representatives chosen by the people

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