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APUSH > Chapter 16-19 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 16-19 Test Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

West Africa Squadron

A

British Naval force armed to enforce the abolition of the slave trade in 1807; it intercepted hundreds of slave ships and freed thousands of Africans

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2
Q

Breakers

A

slave drivers who employed the people to torture/beat slaves

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3
Q

Black Belt

A

region of the Deep South with the highest concentration of slaves, emerged in the 19th century as cotton production became more profitable and slavery expanded south and west.

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4
Q

Responsorial Call

A

Call and response style of preaching that melded Christian and African traditions, practice by African slaves in the south

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5
Q

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A

Virginia slave revolt that resulted in the death of sixty whites and raised fear among white southerners of further uprisings

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6
Q

Amistad

A

Spanish Slave ship dramatically seized off the coast of Cuba by the enslaved Africans aboard, driven ashore in Long Island and the slaves were put on trial, John Quincy Adams, argued with theSupreme Court, and the slaves were released to Africa

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7
Q

American Colonization Society

A

Reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed black back to Africa, established Liberia, west-African settlement intended as a haven for emancipated slaves.

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8
Q

Liberia

A

West-African nation founded in 1822 as a haven for freed blacks, fifteen thousand of whom made their way back across the Atlantic by 1860

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9
Q

The Liberator

A

Antislavery newspaper published by William Loyd Garrison who called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves

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10
Q

American Anti-Slavery Society

A

Abolitionist Society founded by William Loyd Garrison who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery

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11
Q

Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

A

Incendiary abolitionist track advocating the violent overthrow of slavery, published by David Walker

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12
Q

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas

A

Vivid autobiography of the escaped slave and renowned abolitionist Frederick Douglass

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13
Q

Mason-Dixon Line

A

originally drawn by surveyors to resolve the boundaries between Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Virginia in the 1760’s, came to symbolize the North-South divide over slavery

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14
Q

Gag Resolution

A

Prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals, driven through the House by pro-slavery southerners, the gag resolution passed every year for 8 years, eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams

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15
Q

William T. Johnson

A

a mulatto, barber of Natchez, owned slaves, flogged slaves and a mule, because whipping a mule is effective

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16
Q

Nat Turner

A

visionary black preacher, led an uprising, created Nat Turner’s rebellion, killed 60 whites

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17
Q

William Wilberforce

A

member of Parliament, and evangelical Christian reformer whose family had been touched by George Whitefield, unchained slaves in West Indies

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18
Q

Theodore Dwight Weld

A

been evangelized by Charles Finney in New York’s Burned-Over-District, appealed with special power and directness to his rural audiences of untutored farmers

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19
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

published in Boston the first issue of his antislavery newspaper, the Liberator, founded American Anti Slavery Society

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20
Q

David Walker

A

Wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, advocated bloody end to white supremacy.

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21
Q

Soujourner Truth

A

freed black woman in New York who fought for black emancipation and woman’s rights

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22
Q

Martin Delany

A

took serious note in the decolonization of Africa

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23
Q

Frederick Douglas

A

escaped bondage, published Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, got the crap beat out of him, strong abolitionist

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24
Q

Tariff of 1842

A

Protective measure passed by Congressional Whigs, raising tariffs to Pre-Compromise of 1833 rates

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25
Q

Caroline

A

Diplomatic row between the United States and Britain, developed after British troops set fire to an American steamer carrying supplies across the Niagara River to Canadian insurgents, during Canada’s short-lived insurrection

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26
Q

Creole

A

American ship captured by a group of rebelling Virginian slaves, the slaves successfully sought asylum in the Bahamas, raising fears among southern planters that the British West Indies would become a safe haven for runaway slaves

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27
Q

Aroostook War

A

Series of clashes between American and Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed territory of Northern Maine, resolved when a permanent boundary was agreed upon in 1842.

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28
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Belief that the United States was destined by God to spread its empire of liberty across North America, served as a justification for mid-ninteenth century fifty-four forty slogan adopted by expansionists who advocated the occupation of the Oregon territory, jointly held by Britain and the United States.

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29
Q

Liberty Party

A

Anti slavery party that ran candidates in the 1840s and 1844 election before merging with the Free Soil Party, supporters of Liberty party sought the eventual abolition of slavery, but in short term hoped to halt the expansion of slavery into territories and abolish the domestic slave trade

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30
Q

Walker Tariff

A

Revenue-enhancing measure that lowered tariffs from 1842 levels thereby fueling trade and increasing Treasury receipt.

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31
Q

Spot Resolutions

A

Measures introduced by Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln, questioning President James K. Polk’s justification for War with Mexico, Lincoln requested that Polk clarify precisely where Mexican Forces had attacked American troops

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32
Q

California Bear Republic

A

Short lived California republic, established by Local American settlers who revolted against Mexico, once news of war with Mexico reached the Americans, they abandoned the Republic in favor of joining the United States.

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33
Q

Battle of Buena Vista

A

Key American victory against Mexican forces in the Mexican-American War, elevated General Zachary Taylor to national prominence, helped secure his success in the 1848 presidential election

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34
Q

Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo

A

ended war with Mexico, Mexico agreed to cede territory reaching northwest from Texas to Oregon in exchange for 18.25 million in cash and assumed debts

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35
Q

Conscience Whigs

A

Northern Whigs who opposed slavery on moral ground, sought to prevent annexation of Texas as a slave states, serve as buttress to Southern slave Power

36
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Amendment that sought to prohibit slavery from territories acquired from Mexico, introduced by Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot, jacked up tensions

37
Q

John Tyler

A

became president after WHH died, democrat in Whig Clothing, still largely Democrat, hostile to central Bank, vetoed, signed Tariff of 1842, helped bring in Texas to the nation

38
Q

James K. Polk

A

Democratic dark horse candidate, lowered tariff, Walk Tariff bill, restoration of independent treasury, acquire California and Oregon, compromised on Oregon, wanted to buy California from Mexico, sent Slidell, who got rejected, Polk ordered Zachary Taylor to go provocatively close to Mexico, over the previously though border, called for War on Mexico

39
Q

Stephen W. Kearny

A

led troops through Santa Fe Trail to get to California

40
Q

John C. Fremont

A

conveniently was already in California who hap captured it, hoisted Bear Flag Republic

41
Q

Winfield Scott

A

given command of the mission to take coastal city of Veracruz, got handicapped, but still bought it

42
Q

Nicholas P. Trist

A

Chief clerk of State Department, arranged for armistice, negotiate Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo

43
Q

David Wilmot

A

fearful of slavocracy, slavery never existed any territory from Mexico

44
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Notion that the sovereignty people of a given territory should decide whether to allow slavery, North opposed it because they thought it would spread.

45
Q

Free Soil Party

A

Antislavery party in the 1848 and 1852 elections that opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, arguing that the prescreens of slavery would limit the opportunities for free laborers

46
Q

California Gold Rush

A

Inflow of thousands of miners to Northern California after new reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill in January 1848 had spread around the world

47
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Informal network of volunteers that helped runaway slaves escape from the South and reach free-soil Canada, seeking to halt the flow of runaway slaves to the North.

48
Q

Seventh of March Speech

A

Daniel Webster’s address of urging North to support of the Compromise of 1850, topography and climate would keep slavery from being entrenched in Mexican Cession Territory and urged Northerners to make all reasonable concessions to prevent disunion

49
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Admitted California as a Free State, opened New Mexico and Utah to poplar sovereignty, ended the slave trade in Washington D.C., introduced a fugitive slave law, widely opposed in both North and South

50
Q

Fugitive Slave Law

A

Passed a part of compromise of 1850, set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves, compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaway slaves

51
Q

Clayton-Bullwer Treaty

A

signed by Great Britain and the United States, provided that the two nations would jointly protect the neutrality of Central America, that neither power would seek to fortify or exclusively control and future isthmian waterway, later revoked by the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901, gave U.S. control of Panama Canal

52
Q

Ostend Manifesto

A

Secret Franklin Pierce administration proposal to purchase or, that failing, to wrest militarily Cuba from Spain, once leaked, it was quickly abandoned due to vehement opposition from the North

53
Q

Opium War

A

war between Britain and China over trading rights, particularly Britain’s desire to continue selling opium to Chinese traders, resulting trade agreement prompted American to seek similar concessions from the Chinese

54
Q

Treaty of Wanghia

A

signed by the U.S. and China, it assured the same trading concession granted to other powers, greatly expanding America’s trade with the Chinese

55
Q

Treaty of Kanagawa

A

Ended Japan’s two-hundred year period of economic isolation, establishing an American consulate in Japan and securing American coaling rights in Japanese ports

56
Q

Gadsden Purchase

A

Acquired additional Land from Mexico for 10 million to facilitate the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad

57
Q

Kansas Nebraska Act

A

Proposed that the issue of slavery be decided by popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories, thus revoking the 1820 Missouri Compromise, introduced by Stephen Douglas in order to bring Nebraska into the Union and pave the way for the rail road

58
Q

Lewis Cass

A

veteran of the War of 1812, Democrat, father of popular sovereignty

59
Q

Zachary Taylor

A

Hero of Buena Vista, Whigs candidate, won the election, fallen under the influence of Seward.

60
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

conductor of the Underground Railroad, rescued more than 300 slaves

61
Q

Millard Fillmore

A

passed Compromise of 1850, took over after Taylor died

62
Q

Franklin Pierce

A

Democratic, drunk, that’s about it

63
Q

William Walker

A

American adventurer, kept trying to take Nicaragua, installed himself president in 1856, legalized slavery, was killed by Hondurans

64
Q

Caleb Cushing

A

Went to China, to give gifts, signed Treaty of Wanghia, secured trading rights for the U.S.

65
Q

Matthew C. Perry

A

went into Japan, signed Treaty of Kanagawa, managed to be friends with the Japanese

66
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s widely read novel that dramatized the horrors of slavery, heightened the call for abolition

67
Q

the Impending Crisis of the South

A

Antislavery tract, written by Hinton R. Helper, arguing that non-slaveholding whites actually suffered most in slave economy

68
Q

New England Emigrant Aid Company

A

Organization created to facilitate the migration of free laborers to Kansas in order to prevent the establishment of slavery in the territory

69
Q

Lecompton Constitution

A

Proposed Kansas constitution whose ratification was unfairly rigged so as to guarantee slavery in the territory, initially ratified by proslavery forces, it was later voted down when Congress required that the entire constitution be put up for a vote

70
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Civil war in Kansas over the issue of slavery in territory, fought intermittently until 1861, when it merged with the Civil War

71
Q

Dred Scott vs. Stanford

A

Supreme Court decision that extended federal protection to slavery by ruling that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery by ruling that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory, slaves were private property

72
Q

Panic of 1857

A

Financial crash brought on by gold-fueled inflation, over speculation, and excess grain production, raised calls in the North for higher tariffs for free homesteads on western public lands

73
Q

Tariff of 1857

A

lowered duties on imports in response to a high Treasury surplus and pressure from Southern Farmers

74
Q

Lincoln Douglas Debates

A

Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the U.S. Senate race in Illinois, Douglas won the election but Lincoln gained national prominence and emerged as the leading candidate for the 1860 Republican nomination

75
Q

Freeport Question

A

Raised during one of the Lincoln-Douglas debates by Abraham Lincoln, who asked whether the Court or the people should decide the future of any slavery in the territories

76
Q

Freeport Doctrine

A

Declared that since slavery could not exist without laws to protect it, territorial legislature, not the Supreme Court would have the final say on it.

77
Q

Harper’s Ferry

A

Federal arsenal in Virginia seized by abolitionist John Brown in 1859.

78
Q

Constitutional Union Party

A

Formed by Moderate Whigs and Know-nothings in an effort to elect a compromise candidate and avert a sectional crisis.

79
Q

Confederate States of America

A

Government established after seven Southern States seceded from the Union, later joined by four more.

80
Q

Crittenden Amendments

A

Proposed in an attempt to appease the South, the failed Constitutional amendments would have given federal protection for slavery in all territories south of 36, 30 where slavery was supported by popular sovereignty.

81
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which spoke against the horror’s of slavery

82
Q

Henry Ward Beecher

A

Harriet’s Brother, helped pay for breech loading Sharps rifles for New England Emigrant Aid Company

83
Q

James Buchanan

A

Democratic Party, threw support behind Lecompton Constitution

84
Q

Charles Sumner

A

generally just kind of an asshole, insulted everyone in Senate, condemned proslavery men

85
Q

Preston S. Brooks

A

approached Sumner on May 22, 1856 and beat the shit out of him with a cane

86
Q

Dred Scott

A

Slave who sued for his freedom, turns out he’s a slave so he can’t sue anyways

87
Q

Roger B. Taney

A

Chief Justice who said slaves were private property, and that Dred Scott wasn’t a human.

APUSH (9 decks)

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