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APUSH > Chapter 20-22 > Flashcards

Chapter 20-22 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Fort Sumter

A

South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort

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2
Q

Border States

A

Five slave states- Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia, that did not secede during the Civil War, to keep the states in the Union, Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery by protecting the Union

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3
Q

West Virginia

A

Mountainous region that broke away from Virginia in 1861 to form its own state after Virginia seceded from the Union, most residents of West Virginia were independent farmers and miners who did not own slaves and thus opposed the Confederate cause

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4
Q

Trent Affair

A

Diplomatic row that threatened to bring the British into the Civil War on the side of the Confederacy, after a Union warship stopped a British steamer and arrested twi Confederate diplomats on board

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5
Q

Alabama

A

British built and manned Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil , one of many built by the British for the Confederacy despite Union protests

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6
Q

Laird Rams

A

Two well-armed iron clad warships constructed for the Confederacy by a British firm, seeking to avoid war with the United States

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7
Q

Dominion of Canada

A

Unified Canadian government created by Britain to bolster Canadians against potential attacks or overtures from the United States

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8
Q

Writ of Habeas Corpus

A

Petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest, protects individuals from arbitrary state action, suspended by Lincoln

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9
Q

New York Draft Riots

A

Uprising, mostly working class Irish Americans, in protest of the draft, particularly incensed by the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions

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10
Q

Morrill Tariff Act

A

increased duties back up to 1846 Walker Tariff Levels to raise revenue for the Civil War

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11
Q

Greenbacks

A

Paper currency issued by the Union Treasury during the Civil War, inadequately supported by gold, had unstable inflation during the war

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12
Q

National Banking System

A

Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds, created during the Civil War to establish a stage national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds

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13
Q

Homestead Act

A

a federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it

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14
Q

U.S. Sanitary Commision

A

Founded by Elizabeth Blackwell, the government agency trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an efforts to help the Union Army, the commission helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills, to propel the women’s movement in the postwar years

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15
Q

Charles Francis Adams

A

American minister, decided that ships being built were risky, captured Yankee ships

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16
Q

Napoleon III

A

Dispatched French Army into Mexico City, with his puppet Maximilian, flagrant of Monroe Doctrine, Washington gave aid to Benito Juarez who kicked them out

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17
Q

Maximillian

A

Napoleons puppet in Mexico, ended up getting killed when Napoleon left connections with him

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18
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

Confederate President, people didnt like him, very devoted to south

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19
Q

Elizabeth Blackwell

A

first female physician, U.S. Sanitary Commission, assist the Union armies in the field, trained nurses, collected supplies, equipped hospitals

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20
Q

Clara Barton

A

helped transform nursing from lowly service to respected position

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21
Q

Sally Tompkins

A

ran Richmond infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers and was awarded the rank of captain

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22
Q

Battle of Bull Run

A

First major battle of Civi War, victory for South, erased Northern overconfidence, created deserters

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23
Q

Peninsula Campaign

A

Union General George B. McClellan’s failed effort to seize Richmond, the Confederate Capital, had he taken Richmond, the war would be over and slavery would probably still be around which would upset a lot of people, except probably Cole

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24
Q

Merrimack and Monitor

A

Confederate and Union ironclads, success against wooden ships signaled an end for wood warships

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25
Q

Second Battle of Bull Run

A

battle that ended in a decisive victory for Confederate General Robert E. Lee, pushed farther into the North

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26
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

Landmark battle that ended in a draw but demonstrated the prowess of Union army, Confederate officer dropped copy of Lee’s battle plans which was found by the Union, and used against Confederate forces, forestalled foreign intervention, gave Lincoln what he needed to create the Emancipation Proclamation

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27
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Declared all slaves in rebelling state free, but did not affect the Border States, closed door on possible compromise with South, encouraged slaves to run to the north for freedom.

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28
Q

Thirteenth Amendment

A

Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude, former Confederate state required to fortify the amendment prior to gaining reentry

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29
Q

Battle of Fredericksburg

A

Decisive victory in Virginia for Robert E. Lee, repelled Union Army

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30
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

Battle in Pennsylvania that ended in Union victory, screwed the Confederacy, never managed to invade the north, ended in George Pickett’s charge onto northern lines, which didn’t work out too well

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31
Q

Gettysburg address

A

Abraham Lincoln’s speech delivered at the dedication of the cemetery of Gettysburg

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32
Q

Battle of Fort Henry and Fort Donnelson

A

Key victory for Union General Ulysses S. Grant it secured the North’s hold on Kentucky, dmeanded unconditional and immediate surrender

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33
Q

Battle of Shilloh

A

in Tennesse-Mississippi border that resulted in death of 23,000 as Grant tried to go capture Corinth, Grant maned to counter attack and win

34
Q

Siege of Vicksburg

A

two and a half month siege of Confederate fort on Mississippi River in Tennessee, fell to Grant giving control of the river to the Union, caused all potential foreign aid to stop, and leave the confederacy sitting in its own crap

35
Q

Sherman’s March

A

William Tecumseh Sherman’s destructive march throughout Georgia, instance of total war, targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish morale

36
Q

Congressional Committee on Conduct of War

A

Established by Congress during the Civil War to oversee military affairs, largely under control of Radical Republicans, the committee agitated a more vigorous war effort

37
Q

Copperheads

A

northern democrats who obstructed the war effort, attacked Lincoln, the draft, and emancipation, such as Clement L. Vallandigham

38
Q

The Man Without a Country

A

Edward Everett Hale’s fictional account of a treasonous soldiers journey in exile, widely read in North, created more desire for war

39
Q

Union Party

A

coalition part of pro-war Democrats and Republicans formed during the 1864 election to defeat anti-war Northern Democrats who supported George McClellan

40
Q

Wilderness Campaign

A

Brutal Fights between Grant and Lee in Virginia, involved Grant basically just chucking lots and lots of men at Lee until they eventually surrendered

41
Q

Appomattox Courthouse

A

Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant after Wilderness Campaign

42
Q

Reform Bill of 1867

A

Granted suffrage to all male British citizens, expanded electorate, and success of the American democratic experiment reinforced by Union victory in the Civil War

43
Q

Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson

A

Confederate General, died by friendly fire at Battle of Fredericksburg

44
Q

George B. McClellan

A

kind of an asshole to the President, lead the Peninsula Campaign, capture Yorktown, tried to Capture Richmond, Robert E. Lee drove him back in Seven Day’s Battle, drove him back to the sea, tried to run for President, failed

45
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Leader of the Confederate Army, beat John Pope in the Second Battle of Bull Run, defeated Burnside at Frederickburg, surrendered at Battle of Gettysburg

46
Q

John Pope

A

Boasted about theater of war, Lost Second Battle of Bull Run

47
Q

A.E. Burnside

A

attempted frontal assault on Lee’s troops at Fredericksburg, lost a lot of men, big failure

48
Q

Joseph Hooker

A

took the command of Burnside, attacked, sent stonewall Jackson to attack flank, it worked and crushed him

49
Q

George G. Meade

A

replaced Hooker, flanked a valley called Gettysburg, George Pickett’s magnificent but futile charge, broke Confederate attack, seesawed back and forth

50
Q

George Pickett

A

charged at Battle of Gettysburg, didn’t work, but broke their spirits and their attack

51
Q

Ullyssess S. Grant

A

main leader of the Union Army

52
Q

William Tecumseh Sherman

A

led his own march to the sea, cut though Georgia, practice total war, Sherman’s March

53
Q

Salmon Chase

A

Secretary of the Treasury, challenged Abe Lincoln a lot, accused him of lacking force

54
Q

Clement L. Vallandigham

A

Copperhead congressman from Ohio, condemned War, was banished to Confederate Lines by Lincoln

55
Q

John Wilkes Booth

A

killed Lincoln

56
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education and legal support, its achievements were uneven and depended largely on the quality of local administrators

57
Q

10% Reconstruction Plan

A

Introduced by President Lincoln, it proposed that a state to be readmitted to the Union once 10 percent of its voters had pledged loyalty to the United States and promised to honor emancipation

58
Q

Wade-Davis Bill

A

Passed by Congressional Republicans in response to Lincoln’s “10 percent plan”, it required that 50 percent of a state’s voters pledge allegiance to the Union, and set stronger safeguards for emancipation, reflected divisions between Congress and the president, and between radical and moderate Republicans over the treatment of the defeated south

59
Q

Black Codes

A

Laws passed throughout the South to restrict the rights of emancipated blacks, particularly with respect to negotiating labor contracts, increased Northerners criticisms of President Andrew Jackson’s lenient Reconstruction policies

60
Q

Pacific Railroad Act

A

helped fund the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental with the use of land grants and government bonds

61
Q

Civil Rights Bill

A

Passed over Andrew Johnson’s veto, the bill aimed to counteract the Black Codes by conferring citizenship on African Americans and making it a crime to deprive them of rights to sue, testify, or have properties

62
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

Constitutional amendment that extended civil rights to freedmen and prohibited states from taking away such rights without due process

63
Q

Reconstruction Act

A

passed by the newly elected republican congress, it divided the south into five military districts, disenfranchised former confederates, and required that Southern states both ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and write state constitutions guaranteeing freedmen the franchise before readmission

64
Q

Fifteenth Amendment

A

Prphibited state from denying citizens the franchise on account of race, disappointed woman who wanted it to include woman’s rights

65
Q

Exparte Milligan

A

Civil War Era case in which the Supreme Court ruled that millitary tribunals could not be used to try civilians if civil courts were open

66
Q

Redeemers

A

southern Democratic politicians who sought to wrest control from Republican regimes in the South after Reconstruction

67
Q

Woman’s Loyal League

A

women’s organization formed to help bring about an end to the Civil War and encourage Congress to pass a constitutional amendment to prohibit slavery

68
Q

Union League

A

Reconsturction-Era African American organization that worked to educate Southern black about civic life, built black schools and churches, and represented African American Interests before government and employers, recruited militia to protect blacks

69
Q

Scalawags

A

pro-Union Southerners whom Southern Democrats accused of plundering the resources of the South in collision with Republican governments after the Civil War

70
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

Southerners description of Northern businessmen and politicians who came to the South after Civil War to work on Reconstruction or invest

71
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Racist terrorists

72
Q

Force Acts

A

passed by Congress following a wave of KKK violence, banned membership, prohibited use of intimidation to prevent banks from voting, gave military authority

73
Q

Tenure of Office Act

A

Required the President to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees

74
Q

Seward’s Folly

A

Secretary of State William Seward’s purchase of Alaska from Russia

75
Q

Oliver O. Howard

A

headed the Freedman’s Bureau, Union General, provided food, clothing, medical care, and education both to freedmen and white refugees

76
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

hated rich white planters, passed the black codes, a white supremacist, states-rightest

77
Q

Thaddeus Stevens

A

defended runaway slaves for free, leading figure on Joint Committee on Reconstruction, wanted protection of political rights and drastic economic reforms

78
Q

Hiram Revels

A

served in Washington as state government as lieutenant governors and representatives, black guy

79
Q

Edwin M. Stanton

A

a holdover from Lincoln administrator, secretly serving as a spy and informer for radicals

80
Q

Benjamin Wade

A

Johnson successor, disliked by many members of the business community for his high tariff, soft money, pro-labor views, distrusted many

81
Q

William Seward

A

signed a treaty with Russia that transferred Alaska for 7.2 million, some people were not too thrilled.

APUSH (9 decks)

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