Chapters 35 & 37 Flashcards
What does a root system provide to plants?
H2O and minerals
What does the shoot system provide?
CO2 and sunlight
Could a plant exist if it only had one of the two systems?
No
Three functions of roots
Anchors a plant in soil
Absorbs minerals and H2O
Storage
Difference between a taproot and lateral roots?
Taproot-1 main vertical root
Lateral roots-branch off of taproots
Root hairs provide lots of ____ for the diffusion of water and minerals?
Surface area
Stems help position leaves to increase their exposure to ____
Sunlight
Difference between axillary and apical buds?
Axillary-off to the side
Apical-at the top
Apical dominance helps a plant grow ____ which is useful if it’s in the ____
Taller, shade
Leaf diagram
See chapter notes
A waxy cuticles on most above ground surfaces helps prevent ____
Water loss
Xylem carries ____ in what direction?
Water, upward
Phloem carries ____ in what direction?
Sugar, downward
List soil textures from biggest to smallest
Sand, silt, clay
Soil consists of layers called
Horizons
The A Horizon, which contains both mineral particles and partially decomposed organic matter, is called
Topsoil
Partially decomposed matter is called
Humus
Soil with equal contributions from all three particle sizes, and is best for growing plants, is called
Loam
Most soil particles are ____ charged
Negatively
Ions that stick to soil particles are protected from being lost through the process of ____ as water moves through the soil
Leaching
Process of being washed out of the soil
Leaching
These ions are transferred between soil particles and the soil solution in the process of
Cation exchange
Four advantages of soil that’s high in organic matter
Holds onto water
Holds onto nutrients
Organic matter releases nutrients as it breaks down
Good texture for roots to grow through
_____ agriculture protects both the environment and the livelihood of farmers
Sustainable
Worldwide agriculture accounts for ____% or human water use
75
The 3 mineral nutrients found in most fertilizers are
Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus
Plowing speeds up the process of ____ by both water and wind
Erosion
Type of farming which reduces erosion
No-till farming
Required for the plant to complete its life cycle
Essential element
How do you know if an element is an essential element for a particular plant?
Try to grow a plant with all other elements except that one and see if it completes its life cycle
9 macronutrients
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium
Diagram of a plant
See chapter notes
