Chapter 54 Flashcards
Indicate how each inter specific interaction affects the survival and reproduction of the 2 species interacting
+ and -
(-/-)
Occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival
Interspecific competition
Conditions which leave to competitive exclusion
Limited resources
Multiple species competing
One species outcompetes the other, which goes extinct
Competitive exclusion
Two species with the exact same niche
Perfect competition
All of the resources a species uses make up its
Ecological niche
Dividing up of a resource
Resource partitioning
How does resource partitioning relate to competitive exclusion?
Helps species overcome compatible exclusion and coexist
Conditions under which a species could exist without competition
Fundamental niche
Conditions under which a species actually exists
Realized niche
When two species are together, they become more distinct
Character displacement
Because of character displacement, sympathetic populations tend to be ___ similar to each other than allopathic populations of the same two species
Less
(-/+)
Between species in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey
Predation
I I pull a carrot from my garden and eat it is it predation?
Yes
Four behavioral defenses
Camo
Warning coloration
Batesian mimicry
Millerian mimicry
Makes animals hard for predators to see
Cryptic coloration
Wants predators that an animal is toxic
Aposematic
A harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful species
Batesian mimicry
Two or more harmful/unpalatable species mimic each other
Mullerian
Which type of mimicry benefits everyone
Mullerian mimicry
(-/+)
An organism eats parts of a plant or alga
Herbivory
Two structural defenses
Spines
Thorns
Two chemical defenses
Strychnos toxifera
Astragalus
Can the term symbiosis describe harmful interactions
Yes
(-/+)
One organism, the parasite, derives its nourishment from another organism, it’s host , which is harmed in the process
Parasitism
Feed off the external surface
Ectoparasites
Love within the body
Endoparasites
(+/+)
Benefits both species
Mutualism
At least one party can’t survive without the other
Obligate mutualism
Both can survive on their own
Facultative mutualism
(+/0)
Benefits one but neither harms nor helps the other
Commensalism
Is true commensalism common in nature?
No
(+/+) or (+/0)
Can have positive effects on survival and reproduction of other species without necessarily living in direct intimate contact
Not sybiotic
Facilitation
Competition, predation, her ivory, symbiosis, and facilitation
Interspecific actions
