Chapter 23

Question 0

Evolution on its smallest scale

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

Answer 0

Microevolution

Question 1

During the drought of Daqhne Major, did the beak of any individual finch get larger?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Name a heritable trait

Answer 2

Height

Question 3

Are all individuals in a population identical with respect to a heritable trait?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Differences in a population

Provides the raw material for evolution

Answer 4

Genetic variation

Question 5

Name a phenotype that is not heritable

Answer 5

Big muscles

Question 6

Would you expect two populations of the same species in different locations to have identical genetic compositions?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

A gradual change in genetic composition along a geographic gradient is called a

Answer 7

Cline

Question 8

New alleles arise through the process of

Answer 8

Mutation

Question 9

Genetic variation can also arise through errors __ genes or ___ them around

Answer 9

Duplicate, move

Question 10

Most of the time, changes to genes is

Answer 10

Harmful

Question 11

What population would accumulate the most mutations in a year

Answer 11

Virus

Question 12

Genetic variation is also increased through

Answer 12

Sexual reproduction

Question 13

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring

Answer 13

Population

Question 14

When a population has only one allele for a particular locus, that allele is considered to be __ in the gene pool of that population

Answer 14

Fixed

Question 15

Imagine a population of wildflowers with 500 individuals. There are 20 plants with red flowers, 160 with pink flowers, and 320 with white flowers. What is the percent of the Cr allele? And Cw?

Answer 15

20% and 80%

Question 16

The Hardy-Weinberg principle applies to populations that __ evolving with respect to that particular trait

Answer 16

Are not

Question 17

If you know the proportion of two alleles in a population, you can predict the frequency of each of the three possible genotype a by using the

Answer 17

Multiplication rule

Question 18

What is the formula for the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 18

P2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Question 19

What are the 5 assumptions that must be met for the population to be considered to be in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 19

No mutations
Random mating
No natural selection
Extremely large population size 
No gene flow

Question 20

When there is selection against both extremes and in favor of the intermediate phenotype

Answer 20

Stabilizing selection

Question 21

When both extremes are favored over the intermediate phenotype

Answer 21

Disruptive selection

Question 22

When selection favors one extreme phenotype over the other

Answer 22

Directional selection

Question 23

Which selection affected the soapberry bug?

Answer 23

Directional

Question 24

Two ways in which mating is not random?

Answer 24

Only mating with a spouse

An individual preferring a certain phenotype and mating with individuals with the phenotype

Question 25

In diploid organisms __ alleles can be maintained over time even if they are harmful, because they are preserved in heterozygous individuals

Answer 25

Recessive

Question 26

How does sickle cell disease relate to heterozygous advantage?

Answer 26

Those with the heterozygote for sickle cell have protections against malaria

Question 27

Many predators form a “search image”, which allows them to spot prey more easily. Typically, they will match this search image to whatever color of prey is most abundant. Therefore, prey with the most common color are more likely to get eaten. This results in

Answer 27

Frequency selection

Question 28

Three reasons why natural selection doesn’t create perfect organisms

Answer 28

Selection can only act on existing variation
Evolution is limited by historical constraints
Adaptions are often comrpomises