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Bio > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In most cases one gene codes for one

A

Polypeptide hypothesis

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2
Q

Transcription is the process by which ___ is produced, using ___ as a template

A

RNA

DNA

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3
Q

Translation is the process by which ___ is produced, using ___ as a template

A

Polypeptide

mRNA

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4
Q

Translation takes place in cellular structures called

A

Ribosomes

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5
Q

Draw the central dogma

A

DNA ➡️ RNA ➡️ protein

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6
Q

No membrane bound nucleus

DNA not separated by nuclear membrane

A

Prokaryotes

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7
Q

Membrane bound nucleus

Separated by space and time

A

Eukaryotes

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8
Q

Each set of ___ nucleotides of DNA specifies one amino acid

A

3

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9
Q

____ stran(s) of DNA is/are read during the transcription of a gene

A

One

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10
Q

The mRNA nucleotide triplets

A

Codon

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11
Q

There are three codons that do not code for amino acids and undead signal

A

Stop

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12
Q

The codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine (met) or for

A

Start

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13
Q

Gene expression typically includes two stages

A

Transcription and translation

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14
Q

Why do tobacco plants and fireflies genes use the same codons?

A

Bc many forms of life share the same genetic code

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15
Q

2 similarities between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase

A

Add nucleotides to 3’ end
Enzymes
Proteins
Found in cells

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16
Q

2 differences between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase

A

Adding DNA vs RNA nucleotides

DNA polymerase needs a primer

17
Q

The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches to begin transcription is called the

A

Promoter

18
Q

What happened during ignition of transcription?

A

RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter

19
Q

Briefly describe what happens during the elongation phase of transcription

A

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, using it as a template to build RNA strand

20
Q

RNA polymerase falls off

A

Termination

21
Q

The job of transfer RNA is to bring ____ from the cytoplasm to attach to a growing polypeptide chain

A

Amino acids

22
Q

If mRNA contained the codon UGG the complementary tRNA molecule would have the anticodon

A

ACC

23
Q

Charged tRNA molecule

A

See chapter notes

24
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases match tRNA molecules w the correct amino acids. This process requires energy from

A

ATP

25
Q

Ribosomes are made up of proteins and

A

rRNAs

26
Q

Within the ribosome, a new tRNA molecule (charged w an amino acid) arrives in the ____ site, where its anticodon pairs w the next codon of mRNA

A

A-arrival

27
Q

The new amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain, and the tRNA moves to the ____ site, holding the polypeptide in one place

A

P - polypeptide

28
Q

Once the polypeptide is attached to the next incoming amino acid, the tRNA moves to the ____ site before leaving the ribosome

A

E - exit

29
Q

Name four components that must be in place for the initiation of translation to occur

A

sm ribosomal subunit
Lg ribosomal subunit
mRNA strand
Initiator tRNA (charged with methionine)

30
Q

Elongation requires energy in the form of

A

GTP

31
Q

Termination of translation occurs when a stop codon binds to a

A

Release factor

32
Q

____ ribosomes can bind to a single strand of mRNA during translation

A

More than 3

33
Q

After undergoing post-translation modifications, a polypeptide becomes a

A

Functional protein

34
Q

Some polypeptides begin w a ___ that directs them to a particular location in the cell

A

Signal peptide

35
Q

A change in a single nucleotide pair is called a

A

Point mutation

36
Q

If one nucleotide pair in a gene is changed to a different pair, it’s referred to as a ____ . If and extra pair is added that’s an ___. And if a pair is deleted then it’s a ____

A

Substitution
Insertion
Deletion

37
Q

A missense mutation changes one amino acid to another, but a nonsense mutation changes the codon for an amino acid to ____

A

Stop codon

38
Q

A mutation that changes the reading frame of a gene is called a

A

Frame shift mutation

39
Q

Why is a deletion of one nucleotide pair worse than a deletion of three nucleotide pairs?

A

Frameshift

Bio (17 decks)

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