Chapter 17

Question 1

In most cases one gene codes for one

Answer 1

Polypeptide hypothesis

Question 2

Transcription is the process by which ___ is produced, using ___ as a template

Answer 2

RNA

DNA

Question 3

Translation is the process by which ___ is produced, using ___ as a template

Answer 3

Polypeptide

mRNA

Question 4

Translation takes place in cellular structures called

Answer 4

Ribosomes

Question 5

Draw the central dogma

Answer 5

DNA ➡️ RNA ➡️ protein

Question 6

No membrane bound nucleus

DNA not separated by nuclear membrane

Answer 6

Prokaryotes

Question 7

Membrane bound nucleus

Separated by space and time

Answer 7

Eukaryotes

Question 8

Each set of ___ nucleotides of DNA specifies one amino acid

Answer 8

3

Question 9

____ stran(s) of DNA is/are read during the transcription of a gene

Answer 9

One

Question 10

The mRNA nucleotide triplets

Answer 10

Codon

Question 11

There are three codons that do not code for amino acids and undead signal

Answer 11

Stop

Question 12

The codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine (met) or for

Answer 12

Start

Question 13

Gene expression typically includes two stages

Answer 13

Transcription and translation

Question 14

Why do tobacco plants and fireflies genes use the same codons?

Answer 14

Bc many forms of life share the same genetic code

Question 15

2 similarities between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase

Answer 15

Add nucleotides to 3’ end
Enzymes
Proteins
Found in cells

Question 16

2 differences between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase

Answer 16

Adding DNA vs RNA nucleotides

DNA polymerase needs a primer

Question 17

The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches to begin transcription is called the

Answer 17

Promoter

Question 18

What happened during ignition of transcription?

Answer 18

RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter

Question 19

Briefly describe what happens during the elongation phase of transcription

Answer 19

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, using it as a template to build RNA strand

Question 20

RNA polymerase falls off

Answer 20

Termination

Question 21

The job of transfer RNA is to bring ____ from the cytoplasm to attach to a growing polypeptide chain

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

If mRNA contained the codon UGG the complementary tRNA molecule would have the anticodon

Answer 22

ACC

Question 23

Charged tRNA molecule

Answer 23

See chapter notes

Question 24

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases match tRNA molecules w the correct amino acids. This process requires energy from

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

Ribosomes are made up of proteins and

Answer 25

rRNAs

Question 26

Within the ribosome, a new tRNA molecule (charged w an amino acid) arrives in the ____ site, where its anticodon pairs w the next codon of mRNA

Answer 26

A-arrival

Question 27

The new amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain, and the tRNA moves to the ____ site, holding the polypeptide in one place

Answer 27

P - polypeptide

Question 28

Once the polypeptide is attached to the next incoming amino acid, the tRNA moves to the ____ site before leaving the ribosome

Answer 28

E - exit

Question 29

Name four components that must be in place for the initiation of translation to occur

Answer 29

sm ribosomal subunit Lg ribosomal subunit mRNA strand Initiator tRNA (charged with methionine)

Question 30

Elongation requires energy in the form of

Answer 30

GTP

Question 31

Termination of translation occurs when a stop codon binds to a

Answer 31

Release factor

Question 32

____ ribosomes can bind to a single strand of mRNA during translation

Answer 32

More than 3

Question 33

After undergoing post-translation modifications, a polypeptide becomes a

Answer 33

Functional protein

Question 34

Some polypeptides begin w a ___ that directs them to a particular location in the cell

Answer 34

Signal peptide

Question 35

A change in a single nucleotide pair is called a

Answer 35

Point mutation

Question 36

If one nucleotide pair in a gene is changed to a different pair, it's referred to as a ____ . If and extra pair is added that's an ___. And if a pair is deleted then it's a ____

Answer 36

Substitution Insertion Deletion

Question 37

A missense mutation changes one amino acid to another, but a nonsense mutation changes the codon for an amino acid to ____

Answer 37

Stop codon

Question 38

A mutation that changes the reading frame of a gene is called a

Answer 38

Frame shift mutation

Question 39

Why is a deletion of one nucleotide pair worse than a deletion of three nucleotide pairs?

Answer 39

Frameshift