Chapter 14

Question 1

Gregor Mendels study began in

Answer 1

1857

Question 2

Mendel bred ___ to study ___

Answer 2

Pea plants

Genetics

Question 3

Three reasons Mendel chose pea plants

Answer 3

Available in many varieties
Short generation time
Large # of offspring generate

Question 4

Each variant for a character is called a

Answer 4

Trait

Question 5

What does it mean for an individual to be “true-breeding”

Answer 5

Would only generate offspring which are the same as its parents

Question 6

Mendels P generation

Answer 6

Purple and white flowers

True breeding parents

Question 7

F1 generation

Answer 7

All purple flowers

Hybrids

Question 8

F2 generation

Answer 8

Lots of purple flowers

Some white

Question 9

Alternative versions of genes which account for variation in inherited characters

Answer 9

Alleles

Question 10

____ allele over ___ allele

Answer 10

Dominant recessive

Question 11

“Blending” hypothesis or “particulate” hypothesis and why?

Answer 11

Particulate bc we know traits can skip a generation

Question 12

Based on the law of segregation how many alleles does a single organism pass on to each of its offspring?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

If a pea plant has one allele for purple flowers and one allele for white flowers what is the chance of one particular offspring receiving the white flower allele?

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

Draw a punnet square

Answer 14

See chapter notes

Question 15

An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character

Answer 15

Homozygous

Question 16

An organism that has 2 different alleles for a genes character

Answer 16

Heterozygous

Question 17

Actual genes of organisms

Answer 17

Genotype

Question 18

What it looks like

Answer 18

Phenotype

Question 19

When would you perform a test cross?

Answer 19

When an organism has an unknown genotype.

Dominant phenotype and unknown genotype

Question 20

How does a test cross work?

Answer 20

Cross unknown w homozygous recessive individual

Question 21

What is the ratio of phenotype a in the F2 generation in a monohybrid cross

Answer 21

3:1

Question 22

What is the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation in a dihybrid cross?

Answer 22

9:3:3:1

Question 23

By the law of independent assortment a plant the inherits an allele for round peas from one parent ____ inherits an allele for yellow peas from that parent

Answer 23

Sometimes

Question 24

The law of independent assortment applies to genes on ____ chromosomes

Answer 24

Different

Question 25

To determine a plants chances of having purple flowers and yellow peas (the probability that these two independent events will occur together) you would

Answer 25

Multiply

Question 26

To determine a plants chances of having round green peas or round yellow peas (the probability of either of these two mutually exclusive events occurring) you would

Answer 26

Add

Question 27

Solve a genetics problem

Answer 27

See chapter notes