Chapter 14 Flashcards
Gregor Mendels study began in
1857
Mendel bred ___ to study ___
Pea plants
Genetics
Three reasons Mendel chose pea plants
Available in many varieties
Short generation time
Large # of offspring generate
Each variant for a character is called a
Trait
What does it mean for an individual to be “true-breeding”
Would only generate offspring which are the same as its parents
Mendels P generation
Purple and white flowers
True breeding parents
F1 generation
All purple flowers
Hybrids
F2 generation
Lots of purple flowers
Some white
Alternative versions of genes which account for variation in inherited characters
Alleles
____ allele over ___ allele
Dominant recessive
“Blending” hypothesis or “particulate” hypothesis and why?
Particulate bc we know traits can skip a generation
Based on the law of segregation how many alleles does a single organism pass on to each of its offspring?
1
If a pea plant has one allele for purple flowers and one allele for white flowers what is the chance of one particular offspring receiving the white flower allele?
50%
Draw a punnet square
See chapter notes
An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character
Homozygous
An organism that has 2 different alleles for a genes character
Heterozygous
Actual genes of organisms
Genotype
What it looks like
Phenotype
When would you perform a test cross?
When an organism has an unknown genotype.
Dominant phenotype and unknown genotype
How does a test cross work?
Cross unknown w homozygous recessive individual
What is the ratio of phenotype a in the F2 generation in a monohybrid cross
3:1
What is the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation in a dihybrid cross?
9:3:3:1
By the law of independent assortment a plant the inherits an allele for round peas from one parent ____ inherits an allele for yellow peas from that parent
Sometimes
The law of independent assortment applies to genes on ____ chromosomes
Different
To determine a plants chances of having purple flowers and yellow peas (the probability that these two independent events will occur together) you would
Multiply
To determine a plants chances of having round green peas or round yellow peas (the probability of either of these two mutually exclusive events occurring) you would
Add
Solve a genetics problem
See chapter notes
