Chapter 22 Flashcards
The principle which holds that the mechanisms of change (and in fact, all natural laws and processes) are constant over time (and across different locations).
Uniformitarianism
Three important observations about living organisms explained by evolution
Shares characteristics
Diversity of life
Ways organisms are suited for their environment
Proposed that organisms evolve through use and disuse and also the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
Will acquired characteristics be inherited by offspring?
No
Darwin traveled where in the 1830s
South America and the Galápagos Islands
Process of becoming more well suited to the environment
Occurs because well suited individuals survive and reproduce
Adaptions
The process by which organisms with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other other organisms because they have those traits
Natural selection
Ex: breeding
Artificial selection
Example of artificial selection
Domestic pets
Derwin’s observations
Variation and many offspring die
Darwins inferences
Individuals with certain traits leave more offspring
Over many generations these traits accumulate
Two directly observed examples of evolutionary change
Soapberry bugs
Antibiotic resistance
Two examples of vestigial structures
Snakes with leg and hip bones
Blind cave fish with eyes
Left over structures
Once useful to an ancestor but no longer used by the species
Vestigial structure
A diagram representing the descent of different organisms from various common ancestors
Evolutionary tree
