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AA* - English > chapters 22-27 Dracula - complete > Flashcards

chapters 22-27 Dracula - complete Flashcards

1
Q

when was the Jack the Ripper case

A

1888

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2
Q

why is it likely stoker was influenced by Jack the Ripper and in what way would he have been influenced by it?

A
  • it was in 1888 so had time to embed in public consciousness
  • people were fascinated by the violence and excess of the story/there was a market for murder
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3
Q

give 2 examples of the urban gothic movement of the late 1800s

A

Jekyll and hyde and the picture of dorian grey

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4
Q

why could the city be seen as disturbing for a victorian audience? (3)

A
  • it could be a disturbance to the natural state of man - something not quite real about it?
  • multicultural - presence of the other
  • you don’t know who your neighbours are
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5
Q

who was Jack the Ripper speculated to be?

A

foreign or jewish - due to xenophobia/antisemitism in London at the time

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6
Q

what were Penny dreadfuls

A

small horror stories that you could buy for a penny

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7
Q

give 2 possible names for the 1890s

A

the yellow nineties and the fin de siecle

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8
Q

give an example of a penny dreadful of the 1890s

A

Varney the Vampire

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9
Q

what key gothic element was common in penny dreadfuls

A

home invasion

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10
Q

what is the modern day equivalent of penny dreadfuls

A

true crime

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11
Q

when was the term psychoanalysis first used and by who?

A

1896 - freud

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12
Q

when did freud publish the interpretation of dreams

A

1899

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13
Q

what do the psychoanalytical elements of dracula reflect (if not freudian thinking as he hadn’t published works by the time the book was published)

A
  • shows a growing fascination with the workings of the subconscious mind
  • shows the climate in which psychoanalysis was first coined was the same climate as the one stoker was writing in
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14
Q

give 6 examples of technology/innovation used in dracula

A
  • train
  • phonograph
  • blood transfusions
  • typewriter
  • telegram
  • shorthand
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15
Q

give an example of a religious weapon used in the novel

A

then crucifix

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16
Q

what does harker say about the old centuries?

A

‘the old centuries had, and have, powers of their own which mere ‘modernity’ cannot kill’ (Harker)

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17
Q

the denouement of the novel mirrors what in the story

A

the opening

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18
Q

what christian denomination is Mina

A

protestant

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19
Q

what is mesmerism

A

hypnosis

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20
Q

who popularised mesmerism and when

A

franz Mesmer in the early 1800s

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21
Q

what was mesmerism used for by victorians

A

entertainment - it had a pop cultural appeal

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22
Q

mesmerism was later used in what study

A

psychoanalysis

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23
Q

what 3 gothic aspects does mesmerism have?

A

liminality, lack of control over the rational, uncanny

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24
Q

mesmerism foregrounds people’s ____. it leads to a sense of ____ and can make people vulnerable to ____. it is uncanny as you are control of your ___but not your ____

A

unconscious
entrapment
manipulation
body
mind

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25
Q

give an example of hypnosis in gothic fiction (the book, date of book, author and what happens in the book)

A

the gothic novel Trilby (1894) by George du Maurier
§ The villain, Svengali, uses hypnotism on Trilby (female character) firstly to cure eye pains but later to seduce her and make her virtually his wife
§ Svengali is now synonymous with manipulation
Showing mesmerism is a gothic feature

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26
Q

the name of what villain is now synonymous with manipulation

A

Svengali

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27
Q

give 3 quotes to describe the count before he was a vampire - what trope does he embody?

A

‘soldier’ ‘statesman’ ‘mighty brain’
- the renaissance man

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28
Q

the fact that dracula used to be a good person taps into victorian fears about what

A

degeneration

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29
Q

the fact that dracula is trying to create a new species links to what scientific idea in the zeitgeist of the victorian period - and what religious idea? give a quote about Dracula’s aim to create a new species

A
  • darwinism - spread of vampiric degeneracy
  • he could be seen as a kind of anti-christ figure e
  • ‘father’ of a ‘new order of beings’
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30
Q

what kind of brain does vampire dracula have? (quote)

A

‘child brain’

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31
Q

what is dracula doing which is particularly dangerous for humanity?

A

‘experimenting’ (using his ‘knowledge’ and modern science to try and modernise)
- as he is an ancient force and adapting to the modern world this combination makes him very dangerous

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32
Q

what is a post colonial angle on the attitude of the main characters to dracula?

A

○ They must ‘stamp…out’ the foreigner before he catches up and challenges the power of (the main characters? Britain?)
§ Captures anxieties about
□ The end of the British empire
® Queen victoria is dying
□ Britain’s diminishing influence
® Due to end of British empire
□ Fears of reverse colonisation

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33
Q

what is the quest to find Dracula being compared to?

A

‘hunting’ / ‘adventures’

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34
Q

in chapter 23 what is Quincey morris described as? why is he described like this?

A
  • In chapter 23 Quincey morris is the ‘dominant spirit’
    • Quincey is a model for masculinity
      ○ This is building him up before he dies
      ○ In order to make a hero of him
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35
Q

how does harker change in the final chapters - give a quote to support this

A
  • becomes more masculine and heroic - gains a ‘volcanic energy’
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36
Q

the men are ___religion in the final chapters. for example Seward feels the ‘___ ___’ of the crucifix and wafer in his hands. this is an example of ___christianity

A

weaponising
might power
muscular

37
Q

what 2 animals is dracula compared to?

A

‘panther-like’ ‘lion-like’
- two apex predators
-using the predator-prey dialectic

38
Q

what animal are the men compared to when interacting with dracula

A

the men are ‘like sheep in a butchers’

39
Q

compare the use of the predator-prey dialectic in Carter vs dracula

A
  • Carter literalises the predator prey dialectic - stoker solely uses simile and metaphor
  • also Carter explores the vulnerability of the predator/the nuances of the predator-prey dialectic
40
Q

give a quote showing female weakness is a threat to men

A

‘your girls that you love are mine already; and through them you and others shall be yet mine - my creatures’

41
Q

give a quote showing mina is excommunicated

A

‘outcast from God’

42
Q

mina does/doesnt have sympathy for dracula - what does this make her?

A

does
saintly

43
Q

what does mina call dracula in her sympathy with him?

A

a ‘poor soul’

44
Q

does mina believe there is still possible salvation for dracula?

A

yes - she says that when he is destroyed ‘his better part may have spiritual immortality’

45
Q

give an quote about the manichaean dichotomy in Lucy? what does this quote link to in terms of the theme of identity across Carter and stoker?

A

there is a ‘true Lucy’ and a a ‘false Lucy’
- - This also links to the presentation of identity (as there is a true self and a false one and the false one should be denied
○ Conversely, characters in Carter’s stories are very liminal and their good and evil parts are closely intertwined
○ Carter explores the sinful/bad aspects of a character, not describing them as false but an important aspect of our nature
§ She is interested in the ambiguity of human nature, while Dracula is not

46
Q

dracula has ‘___’ mina by sucking her blood

A

infected

47
Q

what type of battle does van helsing present the struggle between good and evil as in the story?

A

a crusade - a holy war for christianity

48
Q

when mina looks in the mirror she is reminded of what - what symbol in carter’s works does this link to?

A
  • the scar on her forehead
  • mirrors
49
Q

what type of philosophy/thinking is dangerous in the context of the gothic

A

enlightenment philosophy

50
Q

give a quote about the men being holy and carrying out God’s wish

A

the men are ‘ministers of God’s own wish’

51
Q

there are direct references to what two pseudo scientists in the novel

A

nordau and lombroso - showing stoker was definitely influenced by them and social darwinism more broadly

52
Q

what did nordau write

A

degeneration

53
Q

the story transitions to what genre towards the end

A

detective fiction - using deduction to predict the count’s moves

54
Q

which two characters are presented as particularly heroic at the end of the novel

A

Quincey and harker

55
Q

give a quote showing harker’s masculinity

A

‘Jonathan’s impetuosity, and the manifest singleness of his purpose, seemed to overawe those in front of him; instinctively they cowered aside and let him pass’

56
Q

to some extent the book tracks the development of what character?

A

harker - from ‘this man belongs to me!’ to being the one to kill dracula (along with Morris)

57
Q

who finally kills the count

A

harker and Quincey

58
Q

what does dracula look like when he is dead - what does his body turn to?

A

he has a look of ‘peace’
‘dust’

59
Q

mina loses what when dracula dies - contrasting with the protagonist of the bloody chamber
what does this tell us about the two authors’ attitudes to sin?

A

her scar

	○ Stoker sees erasing the sin/transgression as necessary for Mina to have a good future 
	○ While carter promotes the message that you and society have to learn to live with sin, you can’t erase it
	○ Different versions of redemption
60
Q

what is the final word the men say in the novel

A

‘amen’
- showing Christianity wins

61
Q

what are the final two words of the story - what does this reinforce?

A

‘gallant gentleman’ (referring to Quincey)
○ Quincey becomes a gentleman through his death
○ This reinforces masculinity, civilisation, aristocratic/upper class men

62
Q

through his death, Quincey becomes what

A

a gentleman

63
Q

in the epilogue, what is mina described as?

A

a ‘brave and gallant woman’

64
Q

in the epilogue, what does helsing say about mina’s child

A

Helsing says ‘he[the child] will understand how some men loved her, that they did dare much for her sake’

65
Q

the ending is typical of victorian literature - how?

A
  • it is certain and has a strong moral clarity
  • it is a combination of death and marriage
66
Q

what triumphs over what in the story? give 4 things

A

good triumphs over evil, west over east, Christianity over sin, modernity over ancient, masculinity over femininity

67
Q

give a quote showing mina has a dual nature as a vampire

A

‘if I find in myself…a sign of harm to any that I love, I shall die’
- Shows her sense of duty, self sacrifice and martyrdom
- Suicide is also sinful which is potentially transgressive

68
Q

the mark on mina’s forehead is strongly associated with what type of transgression

A

sexual

69
Q

give a quote about how mina gets the scar on her forehead

A
  • ‘Burned into the flesh’ like ‘white hot metal’
    • ‘On your forehead I touch this piece of Sacred Wafer’
70
Q

give a quote from mina about the scar on her forehead

A
  • ‘Unclean! Unclean! Even the almighty shuns my polluted flesh!’
71
Q

mina asks helsing to do what so she can speak freely - what time of day does this happen and why?

A

‘I want you to hypnotise me! Do it before dawn, for I feel that then I can speak, and speak freely’
dusk/dawn - as they are very liminal times

72
Q

what sport is hunting dracula compared to

A
  1. ‘A pack of men following like dogs after a fox’
    - Dogs and foxes is fox hunting
    § This is like sport
    § Which makes it like muscular Christianity
73
Q

dogs are symbols of what

A

nobility and loyalty

74
Q

foxes are associated with what

A

cunning - even in the bible

75
Q

the hunt for dracula is also described as what

A

a ‘quest’

76
Q

the idea of dracula infecting mina with vampirism links to anxieties about what

A

diseases/contamination/leprosy

77
Q

Transylvania as a place is full of what?

A

‘strangeness’ and ‘occult forces’

78
Q

what are the men described as which links to the crusades

A

‘knights of the cross’

79
Q

what transgressive thing does mina do on the subject of funerals

A

asks harker to read her the burial service -
- Ars Moriendi
- This is effectively attending her own funeral (she is alive and this should be read once she is dead)
○ This is transgressive
○ The gothic turns Christian sacraments on their heads

80
Q

what is making the trip to hunt dracula possible

A

‘money’ - links to marxist reading

81
Q

what christian rite for children do vampires subvert - give a quote to support this

A

mina ‘tainted as she is with that Vampire baptism’

82
Q

what do the vampire women call mina

A

‘sister’

83
Q

what is mina (once she is scarred) compared to

A

a ‘leper’
- links to sin as physical disfigurement

84
Q

harker is prepared to do what to save/be with mina - what kind of pact does this link to?

A

○ He says ‘if we find out that Mina must be a vampire in the end, then she shall not go into that unknown and terrible land alone’
§ He is prepared to become a vampire to be with Mina
§ He is prepared to give up his soul for Mina
□ This is extremely transgressive
□ This isn’t present in other male characters - it isn’t a strong sign of muscular Christianity
□ He is prepared to make a Faustian pact
® This is a pact to sell your soul to something
® Links to picture of Dorian Gray
□ It marks Harker out as an especially ambiguous, complex and transgressive character
□ This is out of love and devotion (good character to explore on the theme of love and devotion)

85
Q

give 4 christian rites that are subverted in the gothic vampire

A

○ Marriage
○ The consummation of marriage
○ The Eucharist
○ Baptism

86
Q

when the men look for coffins around London, what case could stoker be capitalising on

A

the ripper case

87
Q

what is the lack of scar on mina’s forehead compared to?

A

‘the snow is not more stainless than her forehead!’

88
Q
A

AA* - English (19 decks)

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